Introduction to Ophthalmology Course Contents

Structure of the Eye

• The retina is responsible for visual function.
• The middle coat of the eye is responsible for providing nutrients and oxygen to the retina.
• The sclera forms the posterior 5/6 of the eye's outer coat.
• The cornea forms the anterior 1/6 of the eye's outer coat.

Chambers of the Eye

• The anterior chamber is responsible for maintaining the pressure of the eye and is filled with aqueous humor.
• The human eye has an axial length of approximately 24 mm in diameter.

Eye Abnormalities

• Exophthalmos is the abnormal protrusion of an eye.
• The macula is the central part of the inner coat of the eye.
• Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction results in delayed canalization of the nasolacrimal duct, leading to epiphora and matting of lashes.
• Strabismus is a disorder characterized by ocular misalignment with different visual axes.

Eye Treatment

• The main treatment for loss of corneal epithelium with secondary infection is debridement, antibiotics, and healing promotion.
• Ectropion is a condition caused by abnormal displaced position of upper lid margin in relation to the globe.
• The aim of treatment for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is to reduce intraocular pressure and preserve visual field.

Retinal Disorders

• Retinal detachment arises due to separation of the neuro-sensory retina from retinal pigment epithelium.
• The anterior segment of the eye is bounded anteriorly by the cornea and posteriorly by the iris.
• The vitreous in the eye provides mechanical support, maintains the shape of the eye, and allows for the diffusion of nutrients and waste products.