Introduction to Ophthalmology Course Contents
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the eye is responsible for visual function?

  • Iris
  • Retina (correct)
  • Sclera
  • Cornea

What is the function of the middle coat of the eye?

  • Visual function
  • Protective in function
  • Nutritive in function (correct)
  • None of the above

What forms the posterior 5/6 of the eye's outer coat?

  • Sclera (correct)
  • Cornea
  • Iris
  • Limbus

Which part of the eye forms the anterior 1/6 of its outer coat?

<p>Cornea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anterior chamber in the eye?

<p>It contains aqueous humor and is bounded anteriorly by the cornea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the human eye (axial length)?

<p>Nearly 24 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eye is responsible for the abnormal protrusion of an eye?

<p>Orbit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central part of the inner coat of the eye called?

<p>Macula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition results in delayed canalization of the nasolacrimal duct leading to epiphora & matting of lashes?

<p>Naso-lacrimal duct obstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by ocular misalignment with different visual axes?

<p>Squint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for loss of corneal epithelium with secondary infection with bacteria, virus or fungus?

<p>Topical antimicrobial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition caused by abnormal displaced position of upper lid margin in relation to globe?

<p>Ptosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of treatment for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?

<p>Controlling intra-ocular pressure (IOP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition arises due to separation of the neuro-sensory retina from retinal pigment epithelium?

<p>Retinal detachment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the eye is bounded anteriorly by the cornea and posteriorly by the iris?

<p>Anterior chamber (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vitreous in the eye?

<p>It lies between lens and retina (B), It lies between lens and retina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Retina: What's its function?

The innermost layer of the eye responsible for converting light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain for visual perception.

Middle coat of eye: What's its role?

It provides nourishment to the various parts of the eye, including the cornea and lens.

Sclera: What is it?

The tough, white outer layer of the eye that provides structural support and protection.

Cornea: What's it like?

The transparent, dome-shaped outer layer of the eye that plays a key role in focusing light onto the retina.

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Anterior chamber: What does it hold?

This space in the front of the eye is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor, which helps maintain the eye's shape and nourish the cornea.

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Axial length of eye: What's the size?

The diameter of the human eye along its length, approximately 24 millimeters.

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Orbit: What's it called?

The bony socket that surrounds and protects the eyeball.

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Macula: What's its location?

The central part of the retina, which is responsible for sharp, detailed central vision.

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Naso-lacrimal duct obstruction: What is it?

This happens when the nasolacrimal duct, which drains tears from the eyes, doesn't develop fully, leading to excessive tearing and stuck eyelashes.

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Squint: What's wrong with the eyes?

A condition in which the eyes don't align properly, causing them to look in different directions.

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Topical antimicrobial: What's it used for?

A common treatment for corneal problems involving infections, using medications applied directly to the eye.

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Ptosis: What is it?

Drooping of the upper eyelid, often due to muscle weakness or nerve problems, causing the eyelid to cover part of the pupil.

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Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) treatment: What's the aim?

The main goal of treatment for POAG is to control the pressure inside the eye, which can damage the optic nerve.

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Retinal detachment: What is it?

A serious condition where the light-sensitive layer of the retina detaches from the layer that nourishes it. This can lead to vision loss if left untreated.

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Anterior chamber: What's it called?

The space between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor which helps nourish the cornea and maintain the eye's shape.

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Vitreous: What's its function?

The clear, jelly-like substance that fills the space behind the lens and helps maintain the eye's shape, as well as supporting the retina.

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Study Notes

Structure of the Eye

  • The retina is responsible for visual function.
  • The middle coat of the eye is responsible for providing nutrients and oxygen to the retina.
  • The sclera forms the posterior 5/6 of the eye's outer coat.
  • The cornea forms the anterior 1/6 of the eye's outer coat.

Chambers of the Eye

  • The anterior chamber is responsible for maintaining the pressure of the eye and is filled with aqueous humor.
  • The human eye has an axial length of approximately 24 mm in diameter.

Eye Abnormalities

  • Exophthalmos is the abnormal protrusion of an eye.
  • The macula is the central part of the inner coat of the eye.
  • Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction results in delayed canalization of the nasolacrimal duct, leading to epiphora and matting of lashes.
  • Strabismus is a disorder characterized by ocular misalignment with different visual axes.

Eye Treatment

  • The main treatment for loss of corneal epithelium with secondary infection is debridement, antibiotics, and healing promotion.
  • Ectropion is a condition caused by abnormal displaced position of upper lid margin in relation to the globe.
  • The aim of treatment for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is to reduce intraocular pressure and preserve visual field.

Retinal Disorders

  • Retinal detachment arises due to separation of the neuro-sensory retina from retinal pigment epithelium.
  • The anterior segment of the eye is bounded anteriorly by the cornea and posteriorly by the iris.
  • The vitreous in the eye provides mechanical support, maintains the shape of the eye, and allows for the diffusion of nutrients and waste products.

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Description

Learn about the basics of ophthalmology with a focus on topics like orbital infection, pre-operative evaluation, referred pain to the eye, and eye disorders related to dental and mouth diseases. This course provides an overview of the anatomy of the eye and common eye diseases.

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