Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a normal position of the lids in relation to the iris?
What is a normal position of the lids in relation to the iris?
What is a characteristic of a normal conjunctiva?
What is a characteristic of a normal conjunctiva?
What does the crystalline lens lie behind?
What does the crystalline lens lie behind?
What is an abnormal finding in the anterior chamber?
What is an abnormal finding in the anterior chamber?
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What is a characteristic of a normal cornea?
What is a characteristic of a normal cornea?
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What is an abnormal finding in the iris?
What is an abnormal finding in the iris?
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What is a normal finding in the conjunctiva?
What is a normal finding in the conjunctiva?
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What is a characteristic of Horner's syndrome?
What is a characteristic of Horner's syndrome?
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What is an abnormal finding in the lids?
What is an abnormal finding in the lids?
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What is a characteristic of a normal red reflex?
What is a characteristic of a normal red reflex?
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Study Notes
Abnormal Eyelid Position
- Ptosis can be a sign of Horner's syndrome (subtle ptosis with miosis) and oculomotor nerve palsy (partial to complete ptosis with 'down and out' eye position and enlarged pupil)
Lids & Lashes
- Normal position: 2mm below top of iris and 2mm below bottom edge of iris
- Abnormal findings:
- Lesions
- Crusting
- Redness
- Swelling/bruising
- Lacerations
- Abnormal lid position
Conjunctiva
- Covers the inside of eyelids and sclera, but not the cornea; it's vascular
- Normal: translucent, flat, and sclera visible beneath
- Abnormal findings:
- Chemosis (edema)
- Discharge
- Subconjunctival hemorrhage
- Lacerations
- Lesions
Cornea
- A vascular circular 'window' of the eye
- Normal: clear, bright, and smooth surface
- Abnormal findings:
- Cloudy (iris may be difficult to see)
- Scarring (milky line, localized opacity)
- Foreign body
- Rust ring
- Abscess
- Laceration
Iris
- Normal: similar appearance between eyes
- Be aware of colored contact lenses (diameter)
- Abnormal findings:
- Lesions
- Tears
- Lacerations
- Prolapsed
Crystalline Lens
- Lies behind the iris, seen through the pupil
- Normal: bright, clear, and transparent with a red reflex
- Abnormal findings:
- Dull or absent red reflex
- White pupil
- Shadows in red reflex
Anterior Chamber
- Space between posterior cornea and iris, filled with aqueous fluid
- Normal: clear, bright, and deep
- Abnormal findings:
- Flat
- Shallow
- Anterior chamber Intraocular Lens (IOL)
Dry Eye
- No additional information provided
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Description
Identify and diagnose abnormal eyelid positions, lid and lash abnormalities, and conjunctiva issues in ophthalmology. Recognize signs of Horner's syndrome and oculomotor nerve palsy.
