Introduction to Operating Systems Exam

The bootstrap program is needed to initialize the operating system. It is the first program that runs when a computer is turned on, and it is responsible for loading the operating system into memory and starting its execution.

Scheduling criteria refers to the factors or parameters based on which the scheduling of processes is done by the operating system. This includes criteria such as CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time, and response time.

Context switch is the process of saving and restoring the state of a CPU so that execution can be resumed from the same point at a later time. It is an essential feature of multitasking operating systems.

Prepaging is a memory management technique where the operating system loads into memory, not only the specific page that a program requests, but also several other pages that are likely to be referenced soon. This helps in reducing the number of page faults.

The types of file locks include exclusive locks (write locks) and shared locks (read locks). Exclusive locks allow only one process to access the file for writing, while shared locks allow multiple processes to access the file for reading.