Operating Systems Exam Instructions 23124

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Questions and Answers

Explain how a CPU switches from one process to another.

The CPU switches between processes using a method called context switching, where the current state of the running process is saved, and the next process to run is loaded, allowing multitasking.

Calculate the average waiting time and average turnaround time using FCFS for the given processes.

Average waiting time is 33.2 units and average turnaround time is 43.2 units.

What is a real-time operating system and name two applications of it?

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is designed to process data as it comes in, typically without buffering delays. Applications include embedded systems in medical devices and automotive control systems.

List four services provided by an operating system.

<p>The operating system provides services such as process management, memory management, file management, and device management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify which hole would be allocated for the next segment request of 8 KB using Best fit.

<p>The 9 KB hole would be allocated for the 8 KB segment using the Best fit strategy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define CPU bound and I/O bound programs.

<p>A CPU bound program primarily requires extensive CPU cycles for computation, while an I/O bound program is limited by its need for input/output operations with devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between a process and a thread.

<p>A process is an independent program with its own memory space, while a thread is a smaller unit of a process that shares memory with other threads of the same process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using LRU page replacement, find the total number of page faults for the given sequence.

<p>The total number of page faults using LRU is 12.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concepts of paging and segmentation.

<p>Paging is a memory management scheme that eliminates the need for contiguous allocation by dividing memory into fixed-size pages, while segmentation divides the memory into segments of variable sizes based on the logical division of data or program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain one advantage of pre-emptive scheduling over non-preemptive scheduling.

<p>Pre-emptive scheduling allows higher priority processes to execute immediately by interrupting lower priority processes, improving responsiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'ps' command used for and what do the acronyms UID and PID stand for?

<p>The 'ps' command is used to display information about running processes. UID stands for User Identifier and PID stands for Process Identifier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two uses of the Performance Monitor tool in operating systems?

<p>Performance Monitor is used for tracking system resource usage and diagnosing performance issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the advantages of multiprocessor operating systems.

<p>Multiprocessor operating systems enhance performance through parallel processing and provide better resource utilization, leading to increased system throughput.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a deadlock and name one method of prevention?

<p>A deadlock occurs when two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource. One method of prevention is the avoidance strategy using resource allocation graphs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe a tree structure file system directory layout.

<p>In a tree structure, directories can contain subdirectories, forming a hierarchy that systematically organizes files, allowing for easier navigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compare CLI based OS and GUI based OS in four points.

<ol> <li>CLI offers command-line interface, while GUI operates through graphical icons. 2. CLI requires less system resources compared to GUI. 3. Users need to navigate commands in CLI whereas GUI is more intuitive and user-friendly. 4. CLI allows for automation of tasks through scripts, while GUI is limited in this regard.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Real-time operating system (RTOS)

An operating system designed to respond to events in real time, ensuring that tasks are completed within specific time constraints.

Operating System services

Functions provided by the operating system to manage computer resources and applications.

Process state diagram

A diagram illustrating the different states a process can be in when executing.

CPU-bound program

A program that spends most of its time performing computations and using the CPU.

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Paging

A memory management technique that divides programs into fixed-size blocks and loads them into memory as needed.

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Segmentation

A memory management technique that divides programs into variable-size blocks.

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Operating system components (Memory Management)

The part of the OS responsible for allocating and managing memory resources.

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Operating system components (File management)

Part of the OS that manages files on the storage device.

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FCFS Scheduling Algorithm

A scheduling algorithm that processes jobs in the order they arrive.

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Average Waiting Time (FCFS)

The average time a process waits before its execution begins, calculated for a given scheduling algorithm.

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Average Turnaround Time (FCFS)

The average time it takes for a process to complete its execution, calculated for a given scheduling algorithm.

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First-fit

Memory allocation technique where the first available hole large enough is allocated to a process.

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Best-fit

Memory allocation technique where the smallest available hole large enough is allocated to a process.

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Worst-fit

Memory allocation technique where the largest available hole is allocated to a process.

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Preemptive Scheduling

A scheduling algorithm that allows the operating system to interrupt a running process and switch to another process.

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Non-preemptive Scheduling

A scheduling algorithm that does not allow the operating system to preempt a running process.

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Study Notes

Instructions for Exam 23124

  • All questions are compulsory
  • Answer each question on a new page
  • Illustrate answers with sketches if necessary
  • Figures indicate marks
  • Assume data if needed
  • Mobile phones, pagers, and other electronic communication devices are not allowed in the exam hall

Question 1 - Attempt Five of the Following (10 Marks)

  • Define real-time operating system (RTOS): Includes a definition and two applications.
  • List four operating system services: List the four services provided by the operating system.
  • Process state diagram: Draw a labeled diagram of the process state diagram, illustrating the directions of the arrows.
  • CPU-bound and I/O-bound programs: Define the terms.
  • Paging and segmentation: Define both concepts.
  • PS command usage: Explain the purpose of the PS command. Include the long forms of UID and PID.
  • File operations: List four file operations.

Question 2 - Attempt Three of the Following (12 Marks)

  • Multiprocessor OS advantages: Describe a multiprocessor operating system and its advantages (any two).
  • OS Component Responsibilities: Outline the responsibilities of memory and file management components of an OS.
  • Shared memory IPC: Explain the shared memory method of inter-process communication (IPC) using a labeled diagram.
  • Scheduling terms: Explain CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, and waiting time in the context of scheduling.
  • Waiting time (Definition): Definition of waiting time

Question 3 - Attempt Three of the Following (12 Marks)

  • Command syntax explanation: Explain the syntax of the following commands: Kill, Sleep, Wait, and Exit.
  • Deadlock prevention: Define deadlock and discuss one method of deadlock prevention.
  • Free space management (bitmap): Describe free space management using the bitmap method.
  • Linked file allocation: Draw and explain the linked file allocation method diagram.

Question 4 - Attempt Three of the Following (12 Marks)

  • CLI vs. GUI OS: Compare CLI-based and GUI-based operating systems (any four points).
  • System calls: Identify different types of system calls and give examples.
  • CPU switching: Explain the process of CPU switching between processes using a labeled diagram.
  • FCFS scheduling: Use the FCFS scheduling algorithm to solve a given problem. Draw the Gantt chart and calculate the average waiting time and average turnaround time
  • Sample problem data: Includes process data (Arrival time and Burst time) for problem-solving
  • Memory allocation types: Describe first-fit, best-fit, and worst-fit memory allocation.

Question 5 - Attempt Two of the Following (12 Marks)

  • Operating system tools: Give two uses for security policy, user management, and performance monitor tools
  • Process vs. Thread: Differentiate between processes and threads (two points). Also discuss the benefits of multithreaded programming.
  • Page replacement algorithms: Calculate the total number of page faults using Least Recently Used (LRU) and Optimal page replacement algorithms. Include given page replacement sequence.

Question 6 - Attempt Two of the following (12 Marks)

  • Preemptive vs. Non-preemptive scheduling: Explain how preemptive scheduling is better than non-preemptive scheduling using the Shortest Job First (SJF) algorithm (both preemptive and non-preemptive). Include arrival time and burst time data for processes.
  • Free space management: Describe free space management techniques with a neat diagram, explaining one technique in detail.
  • File system directory structures: Draw and explain single-level, two-level, and tree-structured file systems.

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