Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor primarily drove the rise of NoSQL databases by necessitating horizontal scaling?
Which factor primarily drove the rise of NoSQL databases by necessitating horizontal scaling?
- The requirement to handle larger data volumes. (correct)
- A desire to reduce licensing costs associated with database systems.
- The increasing complexity of relational database schemas.
- A need to optimize data retrieval speeds for simple queries.
NoSQL databases universally guarantee ACID properties for transactions.
NoSQL databases universally guarantee ACID properties for transactions.
False (B)
What term describes the storage of closely related data in a rich structure that is accessed as a single unit in NoSQL databases?
What term describes the storage of closely related data in a rich structure that is accessed as a single unit in NoSQL databases?
aggregate
The difficulty of handling ______ between entities in different aggregates is a downside of aggregate data models.
The difficulty of handling ______ between entities in different aggregates is a downside of aggregate data models.
Match the following data models with their corresponding database examples:
Match the following data models with their corresponding database examples:
Which of the following is NOT a common distribution model used by NoSQL databases to run on clusters?
Which of the following is NOT a common distribution model used by NoSQL databases to run on clusters?
In master-slave replication, all write operations are typically directed to the slave nodes to improve read performance.
In master-slave replication, all write operations are typically directed to the slave nodes to improve read performance.
What is the term for dividing data across multiple machines in a NoSQL database to improve scalability?
What is the term for dividing data across multiple machines in a NoSQL database to improve scalability?
______ combines data from multiple sources into a single view, which is beneficial for reporting.
______ combines data from multiple sources into a single view, which is beneficial for reporting.
Match the consistency model with its description:
Match the consistency model with its description:
Which theorem states that it is impossible for a distributed system to simultaneously guarantee consistency, availability, and partition tolerance?
Which theorem states that it is impossible for a distributed system to simultaneously guarantee consistency, availability, and partition tolerance?
Relaxing durability always leads to data loss and is therefore not a viable option for most applications.
Relaxing durability always leads to data loss and is therefore not a viable option for most applications.
What mechanism is used for keeping track of changes and detecting inconsistencies?
What mechanism is used for keeping track of changes and detecting inconsistencies?
______ is a way of organizing parallel computation that fits in well with clusters and thus with NoSQL systems.
______ is a way of organizing parallel computation that fits in well with clusters and thus with NoSQL systems.
Match the following concepts with the corresponding descriptions:
Match the following concepts with the corresponding descriptions:
What is a common concern when changing the structure of data in a schemaless database?
What is a common concern when changing the structure of data in a schemaless database?
The book argues that NoSQL is a single technology that will ultimately replace relational databases.
The book argues that NoSQL is a single technology that will ultimately replace relational databases.
What is the term for the concept where multiple data-storage worlds coexist, even within the same application?
What is the term for the concept where multiple data-storage worlds coexist, even within the same application?
Data ______ is vital to understand, even as underlying technology changes.
Data ______ is vital to understand, even as underlying technology changes.
Match the term with it's description:
Match the term with it's description:
Which of the following is an advantage of using a single database engine for all requirements?
Which of the following is an advantage of using a single database engine for all requirements?
In RDBMS, the requirements of OLAP and OLTP systems are usually the same.
In RDBMS, the requirements of OLAP and OLTP systems are usually the same.
What is the term coined by Neal Ford to express the idea that applications should be written in a mix of languages to take advantage?
What is the term coined by Neal Ford to express the idea that applications should be written in a mix of languages to take advantage?
In the context of an e-commerce problem, using a data store for the shopping cart which is highly available and can scale is ______.
In the context of an e-commerce problem, using a data store for the shopping cart which is highly available and can scale is ______.
Match the data stores to their use cases:
Match the data stores to their use cases:
When are multiple data stores in an application beneficial?
When are multiple data stores in an application beneficial?
It is best practice to change the data storage for a specific usage, even if existing legacy applications depend on the storage.
It is best practice to change the data storage for a specific usage, even if existing legacy applications depend on the storage.
What can be added for better performance by existing data storage?
What can be added for better performance by existing data storage?
In the world of polyglot persistence, the DBA groups will have to become more ______—to learn how some of these NoSQL technologies work, how to monitor these systems, back them up, and take data out of and put into these systems.
In the world of polyglot persistence, the DBA groups will have to become more ______—to learn how some of these NoSQL technologies work, how to monitor these systems, back them up, and take data out of and put into these systems.
Match the following NoSQL products to descriptions:
Match the following NoSQL products to descriptions:
With the NoSQL databases, what owns the data and serves it using services?
With the NoSQL databases, what owns the data and serves it using services?
Deployment complexity needs careful consideration with Polyglot Persistence
Deployment complexity needs careful consideration with Polyglot Persistence
What should be weighed against the complexity increase from adding more data storage technologies?
What should be weighed against the complexity increase from adding more data storage technologies?
By handling relational databases, the relationship with the data storage will change so we can ______.
By handling relational databases, the relationship with the data storage will change so we can ______.
Match the following:
Match the following:
What does the enterprise ensure for data warehouse systems?
What does the enterprise ensure for data warehouse systems?
The ETL tools have no difficulty talking to the Data warehouse?
The ETL tools have no difficulty talking to the Data warehouse?
What provides a great use case for NoSQL databases that allow you to write large volumes of data?
What provides a great use case for NoSQL databases that allow you to write large volumes of data?
To install a database, all that needs to be done is ______ and unzip the archive, which can be automated using curl and unzip commands.
To install a database, all that needs to be done is ______ and unzip the archive, which can be automated using curl and unzip commands.
Can enterprises run analytics?
Can enterprises run analytics?
Flashcards
What is NoSQL?
What is NoSQL?
A category of database management systems that differ from traditional relational databases.
What is an Aggregate?
What is an Aggregate?
Storing a rich structure of closely related data that is accessed as a unit in NoSQL databases.
What is a Key-Value Model?
What is a Key-Value Model?
A data storage model in NoSQL where data is stored as key-value pairs.
What is a Document Model?
What is a Document Model?
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What are Column-Family Stores?
What are Column-Family Stores?
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What is a Graph Database?
What is a Graph Database?
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What does Schemaless Mean?
What does Schemaless Mean?
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What is Sharding?
What is Sharding?
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What is Replication?
What is Replication?
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Master-Slave Replication
Master-Slave Replication
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Peer-to-Peer Replication
Peer-to-Peer Replication
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Combining Sharding and Replication
Combining Sharding and Replication
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What is Consistency?
What is Consistency?
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Update Consistency
Update Consistency
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Read Consistency
Read Consistency
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Relaxing Consistency
Relaxing Consistency
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What is the CAP Theorem?
What is the CAP Theorem?
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Relaxing Durability
Relaxing Durability
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What are Quorums?
What are Quorums?
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What are Version Stamps?
What are Version Stamps?
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What are Business and System Transactions?
What are Business and System Transactions?
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Version Stamps on Multiple Nodes
Version Stamps on Multiple Nodes
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What is Map-Reduce?
What is Map-Reduce?
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What is Map?
What is Map?
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What is Reduce?
What is Reduce?
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Partitioning
Partitioning
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Combining
Combining
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What is Polyglot Persistence?
What is Polyglot Persistence?
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Encapsulating Data Access
Encapsulating Data Access
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Wrapping databases
Wrapping databases
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Study Notes
Preface
- Relational databases have been the standard for data storage in enterprise computing for approximately 20 years.
- The rise of NoSQL databases addresses the need to handle larger data volumes using clusters of commodity servers
- The term "NoSQL" applies to nonrelational databases like Cassandra, Mongo, Neo4J, and Riak, characterized by schemaless data, cluster operation, and the ability to trade off consistency.
- NoSQL databases allow systems that are performant, scalable and simple to program
- The world is entering a world of Polyglot Persistence which means enterprises use multiple technologies for data management.
Why Are NoSQL Databases Interesting?
- Application development productivity improves because NoSQL’s data model better fits the application's need, thus simplifying interaction and resulting in less code required.
- Large-scale data can be captured and processed quickly by organizations because it is more economic to run large data and computing loads on clusters of smaller machines.
NoSQL Data Models
- Aggregate data is structured with related data is stored together and accessed as a unit.
- NoSQL data models include key-value, document, and column-family databases.
- Graph databases don't fit into the aggregate-oriented camp
- NoSQL databases can operate without a schema allowing for flexibility
NoSQL Distribution
- NoSQL Databases distribute data to run on clusters
- Data distribution includes sharding, and replication, using either master-slave or peer-to-peer replication.
- NoSQL databases offer a wider range of consistency options compared to relational databases
- Consistency changes can occur for updates and reads using quorums.
- Durability can be traded off.
- The CAP theorem explains tradeoffs.
NoSQL Tools and Techniques
- Version stamps track changes and detect inconsistencies.
- Map-reduce organizes parallel computation.
NoSQL Implementation technologies
- Riak is used as an example of key-value databases.
- MongoDB is used an example for document databases.
- Cassandra is used to explore column-family databases.
- Neo4J is used as an example of graph databases.
Schema Changes & Migration
- Changing the structure of data during an application's life cycle is difficult
- Schemaless databases still have an implicit schema
- Data migration occurs for strong and schemaless systems
Polyglot Persistence
- Polyglot Persistence: Multiple data-storage worlds can coexist, even within the same application.
- This means architects need to understand these technologies
- Other factors include productivity of a programming model, alignment of the data storage model to the application, and the data access performance and resilience
Graph Databases
- Graph databases store relationship information
- The primary audience is architects, technical leads, software management and developers
NoSQL Databases
- NoSQL databases are categorized by data model
- Data models include key-value, document, column family, and graph
- The classification by data model can be blurry
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