Introduction to NoSQL Databases
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Questions and Answers

What does NoSQL stand for?

  • Not only SQL (correct)
  • No structured SQL
  • Non-optimized SQL
  • Not organized SQL

Which of the following is a characteristic of NoSQL databases?

  • Requires complex SQL queries
  • Enforces a strict schema
  • Relies solely on tables for data organization
  • Allows for wide variety of data to be stored (correct)

Which type of NoSQL database stores data in key-value pairs?

  • Document database
  • Key-value database (correct)
  • Graph database
  • Column-oriented database

What is a primary use case for document databases?

<p>Real-time analytics and user-generated data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do column-oriented databases differ from traditional relational databases?

<p>They store data by columns for faster querying (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes graph databases?

<p>They persist data in a network of nodes and edges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data can NoSQL databases manage?

<p>Structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does NoSQL improve performance compared to traditional databases?

<p>Through better scaling and less rigid schema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do nodes represent in a NoSQL data model?

<p>Entities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a column-oriented database allow for?

<p>Selective column read and retrieval (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be a use case for NoSQL databases?

<p>Social networks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of SQL structure is used when querying a column-oriented database?

<p>SQL-like syntax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following benefits is associated with column-oriented databases?

<p>Easier schema changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes data retrieval in a column-oriented database?

<p>Column-elimination is utilized for efficiency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component when executing queries in a Snowflake database?

<p>Executing queries in a string format (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fetch_pandas_all() function in the Snowflake query execution?

<p>To fetch all results into a Pandas DataFrame (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What format do document databases use to store data?

<p>Flexible, semi-structured format (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Python package is used to create the connection to a Postgres database?

<p>sqlalchemy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the pd.read_sql() function?

<p>To execute SQL queries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided SQL query example, which attribute is being filtered in the WHERE clause?

<p>author's last name (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of NoSQL data store uses key-value pairs for data storage?

<p>Key-value store (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the connection creation process for a Postgres database?

<p>Initiate a database transaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the output of the provided SQL query example expected to return?

<p>A DataFrame with title and price (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a graph database, what does the structure primarily consist of?

<p>Nodes and edges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

NoSQL

A family of non-relational database systems that store and retrieve data in ways that differ from traditional relational databases (SQL).

Relational Database

A database that stores data in tables with rows and columns, using SQL for queries.

NoSQL Data Stores

These databases store data in various formats (tabular, key-value, document, graph) offering different strengths for specialized needs.

Column-oriented Database

A NoSQL database that stores data by column, useful for analytical queries.

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Document Database

A NoSQL database storing data as documents (like JSON).

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Key-Value Store

A NoSQL database where data is stored as key-value pairs.

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Graph Database

A NoSQL database that stores data as interconnected nodes and edges.

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High-Frequency Data

Data written and read frequently, often in real-time applications like IoT devices and mobile apps.

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Graph Database

A NoSQL database model that stores data as nodes and edges, representing entities and relationships between them.

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Column-oriented Database

A database storing data by columns, not rows. Good for selective reads of specific columns.

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Column-Oriented Query Execution

Queries target specific columns to improve speed by eliminating unwanted data and quickly retrieving only necessary information.

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SQL-like Syntax

Column-oriented databases use syntax similar to SQL for querying data, making it easy to transition from SQL experience.

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Snowflake Database Connection

Establish connection with Snowflake using appropriate Python library (snowflake.connector) and parameters like user, password, account, database, schema and warehouse.

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Snowflake Query Execution

Build query string, use .execute() to fetch data as pandas DataFrame and print.

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Document Databases

NoSQL data stores that use a flexible, semi-structured format (like JSON) to store data.

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JSON Data Query (Postgres)

Querying data stored in JSON format within a Postgres database using the -> and ->> operators.

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Connection String (Postgres)

A string that defines the connection details to a Postgres database, including the database name and user credentials.

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SQLAlchemy Engine

A Python library used to create and manage connections to databases, especially useful for structured query language (SQL).

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Postgres JSON Queries in Python

Executing queries against JSON data stored in a Postgres database using Python and Pandas, extracting specific data entries.

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Key-Value Data Store

A NoSQL database where data is stored as key-value pairs.

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Graph Data Store

A NoSQL database designed for storing and querying relationships between data points.

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Study Notes

Introduction to NoSQL

  • NoSQL stands for "not only SQL"
  • It's a set of data storage tools and techniques
  • It supports structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data
  • It allows for storage and retrieval of varied data types

Traditional Relational Databases (RDBMS)

  • Organize data in tables with rows and columns
  • Use SQL to manage and query data
  • Databases and tables use constraints to enforce data integrity

NoSQL Data Stores

  • Tabular: Stores data in columns and rows

  • Column-oriented: Stores data in columns, fast querying, and easier schema changes

    • Uses SQL-like syntax
    • Selective reads/retrieval
    • Automatic data clustering
    • Suitable for big data and analytics workflows

  • Document: Stores semi-structured data in JSON format

    • Less rigid schema
    • Suitable for user generated data and real-time analytics

  • Key-value: Stores data as key-value pairs

    • Simple data written and read frequently
    • Suitable for IoT data and mobile applications

  • Graph: Stores data in a network of nodes and edges

    • Nodes represent entities, edges represent relationships
    • Suitable for social networks

Connecting to a Snowflake Database

  • snowflake.connector.connect() is used to connect
  • Requires user, password, account_identifier, database, schema, and warehouse names

Writing and Executing Snowflake Queries

  • Build queries in strings/multiline strings
  • Use conn.cursor().execute(query).fetch_pandas_all() to execute and fetch results as a DataFrame
  • Print the results

Non-tabular NoSQL Data Stores

  • Document Databases: Stores data in a flexible, semi-structured format (like JSON)

    • Supports key-value, key-array, and key-object pairs

  • Querying JSON Data with PostgreSQL JSON

    • Use SQL-like syntax to query JSON data.
    • -> extracts JSON values
    • ->> for string extraction within JSON.

  • Connecting to a Postgres Database

  • Import sqlalchemy: import sqlalchemy

  • Creates a connection string using postgresql+psycopg2://<user>:<password>@<host>:<port>/<database>

  • Use sqlalchemy.create_engine() to create a database engine.

  • Writing and Executing Postgres JSON Queries

    • Construct query statements.
    • Pass the query and db_engine to pd.read_sql() to execute the query
    • Store the result in a pandas DataFrame

Other Non-tabular NoSQL Stores

  • Key-value: Stores data in key-value pairs
  • Graph: Stores data in a network of nodes and edges

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Introduction to NoSQL PDF

Description

This quiz covers the basics of NoSQL databases, distinguishing them from traditional relational databases. Explore various types of NoSQL data stores, including tabular, column-oriented, document, and key-value databases, along with their benefits and use cases.

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