Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of systems will be covered in the course regarding motor functions?
What type of systems will be covered in the course regarding motor functions?
- Motor systems and reflex mechanisms (correct)
- Cognitive processing systems
- Sensory input systems
- Neural signaling systems
Which of the following is a key topic of the foundations section of this course?
Which of the following is a key topic of the foundations section of this course?
- Structure of the human nervous system (correct)
- Psychological theories of behavior
- Microanatomy of muscles
- Developmental biology
What does the field of neuroscience primarily study?
What does the field of neuroscience primarily study?
- The behaviors of different animal species
- Genetic influences on neurological disorders
- The structure and function of the nervous system (correct)
- The environmental impacts on brain function
What is typically the first step in the scientific inquiry process?
What is typically the first step in the scientific inquiry process?
In the scientific inquiry process, what follows the formation of a hypothesis?
In the scientific inquiry process, what follows the formation of a hypothesis?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the scientific inquiry process?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the scientific inquiry process?
What role do neuroscientists play in their research?
What role do neuroscientists play in their research?
What is an essential outcome after analyzing data in scientific inquiry?
What is an essential outcome after analyzing data in scientific inquiry?
Which statement best describes how a hypothesis is formed?
Which statement best describes how a hypothesis is formed?
What is the ultimate goal of conducting an experiment in scientific inquiry?
What is the ultimate goal of conducting an experiment in scientific inquiry?
What is the primary function of the sensory input in the nervous system?
What is the primary function of the sensory input in the nervous system?
Which division of the nervous system carries impulses away from the central nervous system?
Which division of the nervous system carries impulses away from the central nervous system?
What are the two subdivisions of the motor (efferent) division?
What are the two subdivisions of the motor (efferent) division?
Which of the following best describes the role of integration in the nervous system?
Which of the following best describes the role of integration in the nervous system?
Which part of the nervous system is NOT included in the central nervous system?
Which part of the nervous system is NOT included in the central nervous system?
What type of nerve fibers comprise the sensory (afferent) division?
What type of nerve fibers comprise the sensory (afferent) division?
Which aspect of the nervous system is primarily in control of voluntary actions?
Which aspect of the nervous system is primarily in control of voluntary actions?
What does motor output refer to in the context of the nervous system?
What does motor output refer to in the context of the nervous system?
What type of reflex involves the activation of skeletal muscles?
What type of reflex involves the activation of skeletal muscles?
What is the primary function of astrocytes in the CNS?
What is the primary function of astrocytes in the CNS?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of autonomic reflexes?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of autonomic reflexes?
Which type of cell in the CNS is responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid?
Which type of cell in the CNS is responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid?
Which type of reflex arc is exemplified by the knee-jerk reflex?
Which type of reflex arc is exemplified by the knee-jerk reflex?
What type of cells are classified as neuroglia?
What type of cells are classified as neuroglia?
Microglia serve which primary function in the nervous system?
Microglia serve which primary function in the nervous system?
What is a key role of autonomic reflexes regarding the digestive system?
What is a key role of autonomic reflexes regarding the digestive system?
What is the function of axonal terminals in neurons?
What is the function of axonal terminals in neurons?
What is the role of Schwann cells in the nervous system?
What is the role of Schwann cells in the nervous system?
What differentiates gray matter from white matter in the central nervous system?
What differentiates gray matter from white matter in the central nervous system?
What is the significance of the nodes of Ranvier?
What is the significance of the nodes of Ranvier?
Where are most neuron cell bodies located within the nervous system?
Where are most neuron cell bodies located within the nervous system?
What is a synapse?
What is a synapse?
What are ganglia in the context of the nervous system?
What are ganglia in the context of the nervous system?
What characteristic defines the myelin sheath?
What characteristic defines the myelin sheath?
Study Notes
Course Overview
- The course will cover foundations, macroanatomy, microanatomy, and neurological disorders
- The course will discuss the structure of the human nervous system, neural signaling, and neurotransmitters
- Course will delve into reflexes, motor planning, and action selection
- The course will discuss the spinal cord, motor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum
- The course will cover neuron types and glial cells
Course Textbook
- The textbook is Essentials of Modern Neuroscience, 1st Edition (David Standaert, et al)
- The textbook is available as a hard copy in the library
Exam Rules
- There will be five quizzes
- The quizzes will be conducted with lockdown browser and screen recording
- No re-quizzes will be allowed
- Midterm and final exams can be paper based
- The final exam will cover the entire syllabus
Midterm Exam Date
- The Midterm exam will be held on October 21, 2024 (Monday)
- The exam will be from 6-7pm
Introduction to Neuroscience
- Neuroscience is the field of science that studies the structure and function of the nervous system
- It includes the study of the brain in different species
How We Study the Brain
- The brain is studied through scientific inquiry
- The scientific method involves asking questions, making a hypothesis, conducting an experiment, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions
Functions of the Nervous System
- The nervous system gathers information, processes and interprets sensory input, and decides if action is needed
- The nervous system activates muscles or glands as a response to integrated stimuli
Structural Classification of the Nervous System
- The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord
- The PNS includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, including spinal nerves and cranial nerves
Organization of the Nervous System
- The sensory (afferent) division carries information to the CNS
- The motor (efferent) division carries impulses away from the CNS
- The motor division is divided into the somatic nervous system (voluntary) and the autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
Types of Reflexes and Regulation
- The patellar (knee-jerk) reflex is an example of a two-neuron reflex arc
- Somatic reflexes activate skeletal muscles
- Autonomic reflexes regulate smooth muscle, heart and blood pressure, glands, and the digestive system
Nervous Tissue: Support Cells CNS
- Support cells in the CNS are called “neuroglia”
- Neuroglia support, insulate, and protect neurons
Astrocytes
- Astrocytes are abundant, star-shaped cells
- They brace neurons, form a barrier between capillaries and neurons, and control the chemical environment of the brain
Microglia
- Microglia are spiderlike phagocytes that dispose of debris
Ependymal Cells
- Ependymal cells line cavities of the brain and spinal cord
- They circulate cerebrospinal fluid
Nervous Tissue: Neurons
- Neurons are nerve cells that transmit information
- They have a cell body, dendrites, and an axon
Neuron Cell Body Location
- Most neuron cell bodies are found in the CNS
- Gray matter contains cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers
- Nuclei are clusters of cell bodies within the white matter of the CNS
- Ganglia are collections of cell bodies outside the CNS
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of modern neuroscience, including macroanatomy, microanatomy, and neurological disorders. This quiz will cover topics like neural signaling, reflexes, and the structure of the human nervous system as discussed in the textbook, Essentials of Modern Neuroscience.