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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the skeletal system?
What is the main function of the skeletal system?
Which bone classification is described as spiky with an open sponge appearance?
Which bone classification is described as spiky with an open sponge appearance?
What is the function of flat bones in the body?
What is the function of flat bones in the body?
Which type of bones have a shaft with enlarged ends?
Which type of bones have a shaft with enlarged ends?
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Where does blood cell formation occur in the body?
Where does blood cell formation occur in the body?
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What is the function of the muscular system in the body?
What is the function of the muscular system in the body?
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What type of bone is the patella?
What type of bone is the patella?
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Which type of joint is found between the vertebrae?
Which type of joint is found between the vertebrae?
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What type of joint connects the distal tibiofibular joint?
What type of joint connects the distal tibiofibular joint?
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Which structural classification of joints includes fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints?
Which structural classification of joints includes fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints?
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What type of joint is the elbow joint classified as?
What type of joint is the elbow joint classified as?
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What is the function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?
What is the function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Overview
- The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, and joints
- Functions: support, protect, allow movement, storage, and blood cell formation
Bone Functions
- Support: provides internal framework that supports the body and cradles its soft organs
- Protect: protects soft body organs
- Allow movement: allows movement through muscles and bones as levers
- Storage: stores minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and produces blood cells in bone marrow
Bone Classification by Shape
- Long bones: longer than they are wide, with a shaft and enlarged ends (e.g., bones of the limbs, except ankle bones)
- Flat bones: thin, flattened, and curved (e.g., most bones of the skull, ribs, and sternum)
- Short bones: cube-shaped (e.g., bones of the wrist and ankle, sesamoid bone in a tendon)
- Irregular bones: bones that do not fit into one of the preceding categories (e.g., vertebrae)
Joints
- Definition: site where two or more bones meet
- Function: hold bones together and provide mobility
Joint Classification
Functional Classification
- Synarthroses: immovable joints
- Amphiarthroses: slightly movable joints
- Diarthroses: freely movable joints
Structural Classification
- Fibrous joints: united via fibrous tissue (e.g., sutures in the skull, gomphoses)
- Cartilaginous joints: united via cartilage (e.g., synchondroses, symphyses)
- Synovial joints: united via a synovial membrane (e.g., plane, hinge, pivot, saddle, ball and socket)
Synovial Joints
- Characteristics: articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, joint cavity with synovial fluid, and ligaments
- Types:
- Plane joint: flat articular surfaces, no gliding or rotation (e.g., intercarpal joints)
- Hinge joint: cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another bone, uniaxial (e.g., elbow joint, ankle joint)
- Pivot joint: rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of bone, uniaxial (e.g., proximal radioulnar joint)
- Saddle joint: allows movements in two axes, but not rotation (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb)
- Ball and socket joint: allows movements in three axes, including rotation (e.g., shoulder joint, hip joint)
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Description
Learn about the skeletal system functions, bone classification, joint classification, and muscle system overview. Classify and explain bones and muscles according to categories for occupational tasks in industrial engineering.
