Skeletal System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary functions of the skeletal system related to organ protection?

  • Enclosing the brain (correct)
  • Facilitating gas exchange
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Supporting the weight of the body

Where is yellow marrow primarily located?

  • Epi-epiphyseal region
  • Flat bones
  • Ends of long bones
  • Shaft of long bones (correct)

What kind of tissue is bone also known as?

  • Adipose tissue
  • Cartilage
  • Osseous tissue (correct)
  • Muscle tissue

Which of the following bones protects the spinal cord?

<p>Vertebrae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of red marrow in bones?

<p>Production of blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nutrients and wastes travel between osteocytes?

<p>Via the canaliculi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do osteoclasts play in bone physiology?

<p>They break down the bony matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is trabeculae primarily located in long bones?

<p>In the epiphysis and perimeter of marrow cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first skeletal development that occurs after fertilization?

<p>Development of hyaline cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral salts are involved in calcification of bone?

<p>Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is primarily located in the diaphysis and is made of haversian systems?

<p>Compact Bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in spongy bone indicates the solidified growth plate?

<p>Epiphyseal Line (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of canaliculi in bone structure?

<p>Connect lacunae to the central canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the periosteum?

<p>Dense connective tissue covering the bone surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are osteons primarily responsible for in compact bone?

<p>Acting as the functional unit of bone tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the femur classified as?

<p>Long (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a long bone is referred to as the diaphysis?

<p>Shaft of the bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the articular cartilage?

<p>Allows smooth movement in joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone has a porous structure and fills the inner layer of long bones?

<p>Cancellous bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the vertebrae classified as?

<p>Irregular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nutrient arteries in bones?

<p>Deliver nutrients to the bone tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is classified as non-uniform in shape?

<p>Irregular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms around the diaphysis during the early stages of bone development?

<p>A bone collar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does the cartilage in the center of the diaphysis begin to calcify?

<p>Week 9 to month 3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed by the invading periosteal bud?

<p>Spongy bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following remains after ossification is complete?

<p>Epiphyseal plate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the diaphysis during the stage from birth to childhood?

<p>It elongates and forms a medullary cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiphyseal plate in bone development?

<p>To allow the bone to increase in length (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as the initial template for bone development?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hyaline cartilage as ossification progresses?

<p>It is slowly replaced by spongy bone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is osseous tissue?

Osseous tissue is the connective tissue that makes up bones. It's a combination of protein fibers and ground substance.

What is the diaphysis of a bone?

The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis.

What are the ends of a long bones called?

The ends of a long bone are called the epiphyses.

What is the function of yellow marrow?

Yellow marrow is found in the marrow cavity of long bones and stores fat for energy and mineral reserves.

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What is the function of red marrow?

Red marrow is found in the ends of long bones and in flat bones. It produces the blood's white blood cells and other blood elements.

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What is the diaphysis?

The long, cylindrical shaft of a bone.

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What are the epiphyses?

The ends of a long bone, where it connects with another bone to form a joint.

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What is the periosteum?

The tough, protective outer membrane that covers the bone.

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What is compact bone?

The hard, dense outer layer of bone that provides strength.

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What is spongy bone?

The porous, inner layer of bone filled with trabeculae.

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What is the medullary cavity?

The hollow cavity inside the diaphysis that contains bone marrow.

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What is articular cartilage?

A smooth, cushioning tissue that covers the ends of bones at joints, allowing smooth movement.

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What is the epiphyseal line?

The site where the epiphysis and diaphysis meet, a remnant of the growth plate.

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What is the endosteum?

Dense connective tissue lining the marrow cavity inside a bone, providing a scaffold for bone remodeling.

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What are lacunae?

Small spaces within compact bone containing osteocytes, which are bone cells.

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What are lamellae?

Layers of calcified bone matrix around osteons, giving the bone its strength and rigidity.

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What is an osteon?

A cylindrical structure that functions as the basic unit of compact bone, containing a central canal and concentric lamellae.

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What are canaliculi?

Tiny channels that connect lacunae to the Haversian canal, allowing for nutrient and waste exchange between osteocytes.

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What is the Haversian canal?

The central canal of an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves which supply the bone.

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What do osteoclasts do?

These bone cells are responsible for breaking down bone tissue. They release acids and enzymes to dissolve bony matrix.

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What is ossification?

The process of new bone formation, where cartilage and connective tissue are replaced by bone.

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When does bone formation begin?

The process of bone formation begins at about 6 weeks after fertilization.

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What is endochondral ossification?

During bone development, hyaline cartilage is gradually replaced by bone tissue.

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What is the epiphyseal plate?

A band of cartilage located at the ends of long bones, responsible for longitudinal growth. It's where new bone cells are produced to lengthen the bone.

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What is bone ossification?

The process of bone development, starting from a cartilage model and gradually replaced by bone.

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Study Notes

  • The skeletal system includes: bones, joints, ligaments, and cartilage.
  • The primary function of the skeletal system is support (provides framework—legs/pillars), protection (protects soft organs—encloses brain), and movement (muscles attach to bones to allow movement).
  • Yellow marrow is located in the marrow cavity of long bones and stores energy/mineral reserves.
  • Red marrow is located in the ends of long bones/flat bones and makes RBCs/WBCs/blood elements.
  • Bones protect soft tissues and organs:
    • Skull → brain
    • Ribcage → thoracic organs (lungs, heart, kidneys)
    • Vertebrae → spinal cord
    • Pelvis → urinary bladder, reproductive organs, digestive organs
  • Another name for bone is osseous tissue. It is a supporting connective tissue consisting of extracellular protein fibers and ground substance.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential components and functions of the skeletal system, including its role in support, protection, and movement. It also discusses the different types of bone marrow and their functions in the body. Test your knowledge of bones, joints, and cartilage!

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