Introduction to Microscopy Techniques

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What is the main difference in radiation used by light and electron microscopes?

Light microscopes use light sources like sunlight or bulb, while electron microscopes use streams of electrons. (correct)

Both types of microscopes use the same type of radiation.

Light microscopes use ultraviolet light, while electron microscopes use visible light.

Electron microscopes can also use ultraviolet light for observation.

What is the maximum theoretical magnification of a light microscope?

200 times

100 times

10000 times

2000 times (correct)

What is the resolving power of an electron microscope?

0.2 μm

1 μm

0.2 nm (correct)

1 nm

Which of the following is NOT a method used in preparing slides for electron microscopy?

Observation in passing light Signup and view all the answers

What optical component do electron microscopes use instead of glass lenses?

Special electromagnetic lenses Signup and view all the answers

Under routine conditions, what is the typical magnification used for light microscopes?

Up to 1000 times Signup and view all the answers

Which source of light is commonly used in light microscopes?

Sunlight Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the introduction to cytology and genetics regarding microscopes?

To provide basic information about microscopes and their uses Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Nicol prisms in a polarized microscope?

To generate a beam of polarized light Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an impression preparation slide?

Cells are observed from a pressed slide on the tissue surface Signup and view all the answers

What limitation does native microscopy have in observing cells?

It does not allow visualizing intracellular structures due to similar refractive indices Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of fixation in slide preparation?

To terminate ongoing living and autolytic processes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscopy would be best for observing physiological processes like movement?

Phase contrast or dark field microscopy Signup and view all the answers

How are smear preparations created?

By spreading a drop of cell suspension across a slide Signup and view all the answers

What does vital staining help to demonstrate?

Phagocytosis and cell viability Signup and view all the answers

What method is most commonly used for physical fixation in slide preparation?

Heating and drying a biological sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM)?

TEM provides information about the internal structures, whereas SEM provides surface details. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about stereomicroscopes is true?

They allow for three-dimensional observation of specimens. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of an inverted microscope?

To monitor cell cultures growing on the bottom of vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature does a fluorescence microscope utilize?

It employs a vapor lamp to create ultraviolet radiation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope would be best for observing surface details of a specimen?

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about stereomicroscopes is false?

They are not suitable for dissection work. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fluorochromes in fluorescence microscopy?

To specifically label and detect cell structures. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with an inverted microscope?

Conventional optical arrangement for light microscopy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fixation in cellular study?

To preserve cellular structures Signup and view all the answers

According to cell theory, what is the origin of every cell?

From existing cells Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of cells according to the definitions provided?

Cells are dynamic systems Signup and view all the answers

What types of organisms do eukaryotic cells form?

Both unicellular and multicellular organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cell shape and size is accurate?

Cell shape is genetically determined and relates to function Signup and view all the answers

What example best illustrates a cuboidal cell?

Germinal epithelium of ovary Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of staining in cell study?

It enhances visibility of cell structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure that constitutes the cell membrane?

Phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane proteins can be easily separated from the membrane?

Peripheral proteins Signup and view all the answers

What role do integral proteins play in the cell membrane?

They transport substances across the membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the biological membrane is involved in recognition of signals?

Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic allows phospholipids to create a bilayer in an aqueous environment?

They have hydrophobic properties. Signup and view all the answers

What shape best describes the morphology of hepatocytes?

Polygonal Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is an example of a multi-polar cell?

Motor neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the average thickness of a cell membrane?

7.0 – 10.0 nm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types reaches a size over 30 μm?

Megakaryocyte Signup and view all the answers

What defines the selective permeability of a cell membrane?

Its dynamic equilibrium with environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a cell with fibrous projections?

Astrocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of projection is found on cells of the respiratory tract?

Cilia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the molecular structure of biomembranes?

They exhibit slight differences in chemical composition based on cell specialization. Signup and view all the answers