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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of a leaf?
What is the main function of a leaf?
- To store food and nutrients
- To regulate water loss
- To carry out photosynthesis (correct)
- To provide mechanical support to the stem
What is the term for the arrangement of leaves on a stem?
What is the term for the arrangement of leaves on a stem?
- Lamina
- Pulvinus
- Phyllotaxis (correct)
- Vennation
What is the purpose of stipules?
What is the purpose of stipules?
- To protect the axillary bud (correct)
- To regulate water loss
- To provide structural support
- To absorb nutrients from the soil
What is the term for a leaf that is completely divided into segments?
What is the term for a leaf that is completely divided into segments?
What is the function of the midrib?
What is the function of the midrib?
How do leaves differ from stems?
How do leaves differ from stems?
What is the term for the swelling at the base of the petiole?
What is the term for the swelling at the base of the petiole?
What is the term for a leaf that is attached to the stem without a petiole?
What is the term for a leaf that is attached to the stem without a petiole?
What is the characteristic of a simple leaf?
What is the characteristic of a simple leaf?
What type of compound leaf has leaflets arranged in pairs on a rachis?
What type of compound leaf has leaflets arranged in pairs on a rachis?
What is the term for a leaf with a pointed tip?
What is the term for a leaf with a pointed tip?
What type of venation has veins that are parallel to the midrib?
What type of venation has veins that are parallel to the midrib?
What is the term for a leaf with a thick and fleshy texture?
What is the term for a leaf with a thick and fleshy texture?
What is the term for a leaf with a bitter taste?
What is the term for a leaf with a bitter taste?
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Study Notes
Morphology of Leaves
- A leaf is a lateral outgrowth from the stem that differs in structure and function
- A leaf consists of three parts: leaf lamina, leaf petiole, and leaf base
- Leaf petiole connects the leaf to the stem
- Leaf base is the part of the leaf attached to the stem
- Leaf apex is the tip of the leaf
- Leaf margin is the edge of the leaf
- Midrib is the vein that runs down the center of the leaf
- Leaf lamina is the flat part of the leaf
Characteristics of a Leaf
- Flattened and thin in texture
- Traversed by veins for conduction and support
- Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Scheme for Description of Foliage
- Name: English, Latin, and Arabic names
- Origin: Part used, name of plant, family name
- Condition: Fresh or dry, entire or broken pieces
- Colour: As seen in bulk
- Insertion: Leaves are arranged on elongated stem or on a discoid stem
Phyllotaxis
- Alternate: One leaf on each node
- Opposite: Two leaves on the same node
- Opposite decussate: Two leaves opposite each other, with each pair perpendicular to the pair above and below
- Whorled: Three or more leaves on each node
Leaf Base
- Stipules: Lateral projections at the leaf base for protection of the axillary bud
- Stipules can be hairy, leafy, or spiny
- Present (stipulate) or absent (exstipulate)
Leaf Petiole
- Occurrence: Petiolate (with a petiole) or sessile (without a petiole)
- Presence or absence of pulvinus (swelling at the base of the petiole)
Lamina (Leaf-blade)
- Composition: Simple (undivided surface), lobed, or compound (divided into leaflets)
- Shape: Cordate, lanceolate, ovate, elliptical, oblanceolate, spathulate, linear, obovate
- Size: Length and width
- Margin: Entire, crenate, dentate, serrate
- Apex: Acute, acuminate, obtuse, emarginate, truncate, mucronate, apiculus
- Base: Symmetric, asymmetric, decurrent
- Venation: Parallel, reticulate, pinnate, palmate, anastomosing
- Texture: Papery, coriaceous, succulent
- Odour: Aromatic
- Taste: Bitter, mucilaginous, salty
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