Questions and Answers
What type of leaf venation pattern is characterized by at least three primary veins arising from a common point at the base of the lamina?
Palmately netted
What is the term for a leaf that is divided into multiple leaflets attached to a common point?
Compound
What type of leaf attachment structure is characteristic of a leaflet?
Petiolule
What is the term for a leaf with a central axis and leaflets arranged along it?
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What type of leaf modification is characterized by a leaf that is different from the main photosynthetic leaves and is often associated with flowers or inflorescences?
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What is the term for a leaf arrangement where three or more leaves are attached to a single node?
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What type of leaf arrangement is characterized by each leaf being slightly rotated from the node?
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What is the term for a leaf with a sharp-pointed leaf or leaf part?
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What type of leaf is adapted to store water and minimize water loss?
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What is the term for a coiled and twining leaf or leaf part that develops from an auxiliary bud?
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What is the term for a structure formed by overlapping leaf bases that provides and transports nutrients from the soil?
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What is the main difference between microphyllous and megaphyllous leaves?
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What type of leaf venation pattern is characterized by primary and secondary veins that are more or less parallel to each other?
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What is the term for a leaf that has a petiole?
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What is the function of stomata in leaves?
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What is the term for a leaf with two distinct sides that differ morphologically?
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What is the term for a leaf-like appendage found at the base of a petiole?
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Study Notes
Leaf Characteristics
- Leaves can be classified as Simple (not divided into more than one blade) or Compound (composed of leaflets).
- Simple leaves can have a petiole or be sessile (no petiole).
Leaf Venation Patterns
- Pinnately netted: second veins arise along the length of the midrib.
- Palmately netted: at least three primary veins arise from a common point at the base of the lamina.
Leaf Arrangement
- Distichous: each leaf is parallel to the next leaf.
- Opposite: two leaves in each node.
- Decussate: each leaf pair is perpendicular to the next pair.
Compound Leaves
- Trifoliate: three leaflets attached to a common point.
- Palmate: four or more leaflets attached to a common point.
- Pinnate: leaflets arranged along a central axis called the rachis.
- Bipinnate: pinnately compound leaf with two orders of axes.
- Polypinnate: pinnately compound leaf with three or more orders of axes.
Specialized Leaves
- Modified leaves have unusual characteristics to perform functions other than photosynthesis.
- Examples include bracts (associated with flowers or inflorescences), bulb scales (storage leaves attached to bulbs), and succulent leaves (thick and fleshy to store water).
Leaf Arrangement on Stem (Phyllotaxy)
- Alternate: only one leaf in each node.
- Spiral: each leaf is rotated slightly from the node.
- Whorled: three or more leaves in a single node.
Leaf Morphology
- Apex: the end of the lamina farthest from its point of attachment.
- Base: the opposite end of the apex.
- Midrib: the central vein.
- Petiole: the stem-like structure through which leaves are attached to the stem.
Monocot and Dicot Leaves
- Monocot leaves have a single layer of mesophyll and parallel veins.
- Dicot leaves have two layers of mesophyll (palisade and spongy) and a network of veins from the midrib.
Leaf Functions
- Photosynthesis (chloroplasts-containing cells)
- Transpiration (stomata)
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