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Questions and Answers
What is learning?
What is learning?
A relatively permanent change in behavior or behavior potentiality that results from experience.
Which of the following are measures of learning? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are measures of learning? (Select all that apply)
- Performing a completely new behavior (correct)
- Changing the frequency of an existing behavior (correct)
- Changing the color of a behavior
- Changing the intensity of an existing behavior (correct)
What are the four predominant learning styles?
What are the four predominant learning styles?
- Visual, Auditory, Read/Write, Kinaesthetic (correct)
- Visual, Tactical, Rhetorical, Kinesthetic
- Linguistic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Digital
- Logical, Social, Musical, Naturalistic
What did Plato believe about learning?
What did Plato believe about learning?
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What did Aristotle propose about knowledge?
What did Aristotle propose about knowledge?
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Rene Descartes proposed the idea of mind-body dualism.
Rene Descartes proposed the idea of mind-body dualism.
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John Locke proposed that we are born with a mind like a ______.
John Locke proposed that we are born with a mind like a ______.
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Who is known as the father of psychology?
Who is known as the father of psychology?
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What does behaviorism propose about psychology?
What does behaviorism propose about psychology?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Learning and Behavior
- Definition of Learning: A permanent change in behavior resulting from experience, not due to temporary physical states like illness or fatigue.
- Innate Behaviors: Behaviors such as reflexes that are inborn and emerge during maturation are not classified as learned.
Measures of Learning
- Forming new behaviors.
- Adjusting the frequency or speed of existing behaviors.
- Modifying the intensity or complexity of existing behaviors.
- Reacting differently to specific stimuli.
Types of Learning
- Simple Learning
- Associative Learning
- Complex Learning
Learning Styles
- Different approaches to understanding and retaining new information.
- Predominant learning styles include:
- Visual
- Auditory
- Read/Write
- Kinaesthetic
Historical Antecedents of Learning
- Plato: Believed knowledge is inborn and learning involves reflection to access existing knowledge.
- Aristotle: Argued that knowledge is gained through experience; formulated four laws of association:
- Law of Similarity
- Law of Contrast
- Law of Contiguity
- Law of Frequency
- Rene Descartes: Introduced mind-body dualism; the mind induces voluntary actions while the body performs reflexive responses.
- British Empiricists: Asserted all knowledge originates from experience; John Locke described the mind as a blank slate (tabula rasa).
- Structuralism: Studies the structure of the mind via introspection; led by Wilhelm Wundt and Eward Titchener. Wundt is known as the father of psychology.
- Functionalism: Proposed focusing on the adaptive functions of the mind, inspired by Darwin's work on natural selection; established by William James.
Behaviorism
- Emphasizes studying observable behaviors to ensure psychology is a science.
- John B. Watson: Recognized as the father of behaviorism.
- Schools of Thought:
- Methodological Behaviorism (Watson): Advocates for observing behavior directly; introduces S-R theory (Stimulus-Response connection).
- Neobehaviorism (Clark Hull): Incorporates intervening variables to explain behaviors.
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