Introduction to Language and Linguistics MT 212
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What is the purpose of the READ TA project?

The Reading for Ethiopia’s Achievement Developed Technical Assistance Project (READ TA) is a five-year project (2012-2017) aimed to improve the reading and writing skills of primary grade students.

What are the two main language super-families that the Ethiopian languages fall under?

  • Niger-Congo and Afro-Asiatic
  • Sino-Tibetan and Nilo-Saharan
  • Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic
  • Afro-Asiatic and Nilo-Saharan (correct)

    • Match the following linguistic terms with their definitions:

    Phonetics = The study of the production and perception of individual speech sounds Phonology = Branch of linguistics that describes how sounds are organized in syllables and words Morphology = The study of the internal structure of words and their meaningful parts Syntax = The study of how words are combined to create meaningful phrases, clauses, or sentences

    The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) uses one symbol to represent each speech sound in the world's languages.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of language?

    <p>It is a system of gestures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between phoneme, phone and allophone?

    <p>A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning. A phone is the physical realization of a phoneme. Allophones are the variations in how a phoneme is pronounced due to phonetic context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the difference in meaning between a phrase and a clause.

    <p>A phrase is a group of words that does not contain both a subject and a predicate, while a clause does. A clause is a smaller part of a sentence and can be either dependent or independent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two main types of morphemes?

    <p>The two main types of morphemes are free morphemes and bound morphemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of inflectional morphemes?

    <p>To change the grammatical function of a word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of word formation processes?

    <p>Three common word formation processes are coinage, borrowing, and acronyms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of speech?

    <p>Sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The active voice places the subject as the doer of the verb, making it the primary focus of the action, whereas the passive voice makes the object the primary recipient of the action.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between tone and intonation?

    <p>Tone refers to the use of pitch to convey meaning at the word level, while intonation refers to the use of pitch to convey meaning at the sentence level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stress in speech is when a syllable or word is pronounced longer, louder, higher-pitched, or more clearly than other syllables or words.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an open syllable and a closed syllable?

    <p>An open syllable ends in a vowel sound, while a closed syllable ends in a consonant sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the module developed by the authors?

    <p>To improve the reading and writing skills of fifteen million Ethiopian children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects the scope of languages covered in the module?

    <p>It may not represent all languages used in Ethiopia due to ongoing research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the authors' use of recent research-based studies indicate?

    <p>They incorporate the latest findings in mother-tongue education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation mentioned about the module's content?

    <p>It may not include the most recent language research developments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is primarily credited with developing and revising the module?

    <p>Specific individuals from Ethiopia's Ministry of Education and Florida State University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phonetics primarily concerned with?

    <p>The production and perception of speech sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following branches of phonetics deals specifically with speech organs?

    <p>Articulatory phonetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do graphemes relate to phonemes in phonetics?

    <p>Graphemes are symbols that represent phonemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in phonetics?

    <p>To represent each distinct speech sound with a unique symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT commonly associated with articulatory phonetics?

    <p>Acoustic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do suprasegmental features in phonetics refer to?

    <p>Features that extend beyond individual sounds, such as stress and intonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes graphophonemic awareness?

    <p>It connects the visual symbols used in writing to their corresponding sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of a code shift for an individual?

    <p>Permanent loss of the native language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment technique involves individuals working alone to demonstrate understanding?

    <p>Individual work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?

    <p>Each symbol represents a unique language sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of the IPA?

    <p>To show written forms of speech sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically triggers a code shift in language use?

    <p>Relocation to a new region or country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The IPA includes symbols for which of the following?

    <p>Consonants, vowels, diacritics, and suprasegmentals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a language evolve over time?

    <p>Through social contact and change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol pair in the IPA chart represent?

    <p>Voiced and voiceless sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process might occur as a person transitions from one dialect to another?

    <p>Gradual loss of skills in the native dialect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a voiced plosive consonant in Amharic?

    <p>g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What manner of articulation does the consonant 'l' illustrate in Amharic?

    <p>Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sounds is NOT categorized as a fricative in Amharic?

    <p>k</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes labialized consonants in Amharic?

    <p>They require simultaneous use of lips and soft palate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Amharic consonants is an ejective?

    <p>t’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the voiced nasal consonant 'ɲ' fall in the place of articulation categories?

    <p>Palatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of consonant is produced by the combination of labialized and velar features in Amharic?

    <p>Plosive/stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Amharic, what function do glided sounds serve with labialized consonants?

    <p>They signal a change in meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the quick movement between vowel positions in speech?

    <p>Gliding between vowels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about diphthongs?

    <p>They represent two vowel sounds in one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided, which diphthong is represented by the sound found in the word 'my'?

    <p>[аi]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following languages utilizes diphthong fidels in its writing system?

    <p>Amharic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the place of articulation of the initial sound in the word 'chin'?

    <p>Palatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the pronunciation of diphthongs in terms of duration?

    <p>Longer than single vowels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs consists entirely of voiceless sounds (-v)?

    <p>fish, crash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the manner of articulation for the initial sound in the word 'silly'?

    <p>Fricative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does articulatory phonetics primarily study?

    <p>The way speech sounds are produced by the speech organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an active articulator?

    <p>Vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acoustic phonetics is primarily concerned with which aspect of speech sounds?

    <p>The properties of sounds during transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about auditory phonetics is correct?

    <p>It studies how speech sounds are perceived by the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the study of phonetics vital according to Westermann and Ward?

    <p>It aids in understanding how speech sounds are pronounced and perceived.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the speech organs categorized according to their function?

    <p>By their ability to move and remain stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of active articulators in speech production?

    <p>To shape the sound waves created by passive articulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT accurately describe auditory phonetics?

    <p>Focuses on the articulation of speech sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Language and Linguistics (MT 212)

    • 2016 G.C. document produced with USAID/Ethiopia READ TA Project support
    • Course focuses on the introduction to language and linguistics, and is part of the READ-TA program
    • Module developed by a team from Florida State University and the Ethiopian Ministry of Education; collaboration with Regional State Educational Bureaus (RSEB), Colleges of Teacher Education (CTE) and the Ethiopian Ministry of Education (MoE).
    • Intended for teacher educators to improve their understanding and teaching of language; to help make teacher educators more competent to teach Introduction to Language and Linguistics (MT 212).
    • Module content is designed to improve the reading and writing skills of 15 million Ethiopian children; a five-year project (2012-2017) to improve reading and writing skills in seven mother tongue languages.
    • Project implemented by RTI International, in partnership with other organizations including Save the Children, Florida State University, SIL, Whiz Kids, Inveneo, and Africa Development Corps.

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    Introduction to Language and Linguistics (MT 212) 2016 PDF

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    Explore the fundamentals of language and linguistics in this course designed for teacher educators. Developed with support from USAID/Ethiopia, this module aims to enhance the reading and writing skills of millions of Ethiopian children. Join us to deepen your understanding and impact language education effectively.

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