Introduction to Immunology Definitions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is immunology?

The process by which living organisms recognize, respond and interact with foreign antigens to protect against infection and disease.

Define antigen.

Any substance capable of producing an immune response.

What are the two types of immunity mentioned in the text?

Non-specific/Natural/Inborn Immunity and Specific/Acquired/Adaptive Immunity.

Name the two responses involved in non-specific/natural/inborn immunity.

<p>Cellular response and humoral response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the body neutralize foreign antigens in specific/acquired/adaptive immunity?

<p>The body produces specific antibodies that unite with the antigen to neutralize it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the immune system?

<p>Prevent invasion of microorganisms, destroy invaded organisms, and eliminate tumor cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some predisposed factors that can weaken the immune system?

<p>Endocrine problems, mental illness, nervousness, sleep deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamins boost the immune system, and what deficiencies weaken the immune system?

<p>Vitamins A, C, Folic acid, and B vitamins boost the immune system. Deficiencies of these weaken the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the new field of medicine that studies the relationship between the brain, behavior, and the immune system?

<p>Psychoneuroimmunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some natural body defenses against foreign invaders?

<p>Physical barriers such as skin, mucous membranes, cilia of respiratory tract, ear wax, normal flora of skin, and acidic pH of stomach and other body cavities and fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cells involved in natural immunity and their characteristics?

<p>Monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Monocytes are large cells with a lobulated nucleus and vacuolated, finely granular cytoplasm. Neutrophils have a morphology and are part of the granulocytic series. Eosinophils consist of large red granules in cytoplasm with Wright's stain and are part of the granulocytic series morphology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise affect the immune system?

<p>Exercise strengthens the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does stress have on the immune system?

<p>Too much or too little stress weakens the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age groups have an increased susceptibility to infections and why?

<p>Increased susceptibility in young children (few specific antibodies) and elderly (body processes slow).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vascular response in the body's immune processes?

<p>Injured tissues produce localized or systemic inflammatory reactions, which act as an activator of other immune processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some characteristics of basophils and their role in the immune system?

<p>Basophils consist of &lt;2% circulating WBCs, have large blue/black staining granules in the cytoplasm, and contain histamine in their granules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between natural immunity and acquired immunity?

<p>Natural immunity involves non-specific defense mechanisms like granulocytes and monocytes, while acquired immunity involves the production of specific antibodies by lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two forms in which antibodies are produced?

<p>Antibodies are produced in cellular response by lymphocytes and in humoral response by 5 classes specific antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the immune system mentioned in the text?

<p>The immune system functions to prevent invasion of microorganisms, destroy invaded organisms, and eliminate tumor cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect non-specific (natural, inborn) immunity?

<p>Genetics and the recognition of different substances as foreign by each species affect non-specific immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the spleen and liver in non-specific immunity?

<p>The spleen and liver filter the foreign antigens that enter the bloodstream during non-specific immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an antigen?

<p>An antigen is any substance capable of producing an immune response by initiating the body's immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the predisposed factors that can weaken the immune system?

<p>Endocrine problems, mental illness, nervousness, sleep deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics and functions of monocytes in natural immunity?

<p>Large cells with a lobulated nucleus and vacuolated, finely granular cytoplasm. They function in chemotaxis and phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do neutrophils contribute to the immune system?

<p>Neutrophils are large cells with a lobulated nucleus and vacuolated, finely granular cytoplasm. They are increased in bacterial infections and are part of the granulocytic series morphology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the roles of eosinophils in the immune system?

<p>Eosinophils are active in allergic, fungal, and parasitic reactions. They consist of large red granules in the cytoplasm with Wright's stain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise affect the immune system?

<p>Exercise strengthens the immune system, as mentioned in the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of stress on the immune system?

<p>Too much or too little stress weakens the immune system, as indicated in the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the natural body defenses against foreign invaders?

<p>Physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes, cilia, ear wax), normal flora of skin, acid pH of stomach and body cavities, and vascular response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the brain, behavior, and the immune system, as discussed in the text?

<p>Psychoneuroimmunology is a new field of medicine that studies this relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does age impact susceptibility to infections according to the text?

<p>Increased susceptibility in young children due to few specific antibodies and in the elderly due to slowed body processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does nutrition play in the immune system, according to the text?

<p>Some vitamins boost the immune system, while deficiencies weaken it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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