Introduction to ICT

Study Notes

ICT stands for Information and Communications Technology, encompassing the infrastructure and components that facilitate modern computing.

19th Century:
- Invention of the telegraph enabled long-distance message transmission.
- The telephone, introduced in the late 1800s, allowed real-time conversations across distances.
Mid-20th Century:
- The first electronic computer, ENIAC, was developed in 1946, targeting government and corporate needs.
1970s: Introduction of microprocessors revolutionized computing power and accessibility.
21st Century:
- Surge in mobile devices like smartphones and tablets, enhancing information access and communication flexibility.

ICT refers to the integration of audiovisual, telephone, and computer networks into a unified system.
Key ICT components include:
- Hardware: Physical devices like computers and smartphones.
- Software: Programs and applications that run on hardware.
- Operating Systems: Software that manages hardware and software resources.

Globalization:
- Video conferencing minimizes travel costs, promoting international interaction.
Cost Effectiveness:
- Email communication is often cheaper than phone calls; process automation reduces business expenses.
Time Savings:
- Online shopping allows convenient purchasing and delivery.
Job Creation:
- New jobs have emerged in computer programming, system development, and web design.
Education:
- Computers and the internet offer expanded access to educational opportunities and online degrees.

Blackmail:
- The internet can facilitate extortion through threats or information disclosure.
Unemployment:
- Automation can displace workers as businesses seek cost efficiencies.
Privacy Issues:
- Risks include interception of personal information through hacking.
Computer Viruses:
- Malware can cause significant disruptions and damage to systems.
Social Media Addiction:
- Overuse of technology can diminish real-world interactions and engagements.