Introduction to ICT: Computer Processing Unit

Computer Processing Unit

• Central Processing Unit (CPU): Converts data into information, acts as the control center, and executes stored program instructions.
• CPU consists of two parts: Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

Control Unit (CU)

• Regulates and integrates the operations of the computer.
• Directs the computer system to execute stored program instructions.
• Communicates with other parts of the hardware.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

• Performs arithmetic operations: +, -, *, /, and others.
• Performs logical operations: NOT, AND, OR, =, >, <, and others.

Arithmetic Operations

• Addition: Combines two or more numbers to get a total or a sum.
• Subtraction: Finds the difference between two or more numbers.
• Multiplication: Repeats the addition of a number a certain number of times.
• Division: Divides a number into equal parts or groups.

Logical Operations

• NOT: Evaluates conditions, makes comparisons, and returns a true or false value.
• AND: Compares two or more conditions, numbers, letters, or special characters, and returns a true or false value.
• OR: Compares two or more conditions, numbers, letters, or special characters, and returns a true or false value.
• Comparison operators: =, >, <, >=, etc. compare values and return a true or false value.

Components of Computer

• Input Unit: Receives input, accepting information from the outside world.
• Processing Unit: Performs arithmetic or logical operations on information.
• Output Unit: Communicates information to the outside world.
• Storage Unit: Stores and retrieves information from memory and storage devices.

Input Unit

• Examples of input devices: keyboards, mouse, scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones.

Output Unit

• Examples of output devices: text, graphics, tactile, audio, or video displays.
• Output devices convert information into a human-perceptible form or a physical machine-readable form.