Introduction to ICT - Basic Components

Study Notes

Computer Hardware: Divided into Internal and External hardware.
Internal Hardware Devices: Include components like the Motherboard, CPU, RAM, and Hard Disk Drive (HDD).
- Motherboard: The main circuit board connecting components; includes the CPU, RAM slots, and other ports.
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer responsible for processing instructions; can have multiple cores (dual-core, quad-core).
- Random-Access Memory (RAM): Volatile memory storing data actively in use; capacity affects multitasking capability.
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Primary non-volatile storage device storing digital data, does not require power to retain stored information.
External Hardware Devices/Peripherals: Input and output devices, such as keyboards, monitors, printers, and speakers.

Definition: A general term for programs and applications that facilitate the function of hardware.
Types of Software: Divided into system software (operating systems) and application software (specific user tasks).
- System Software: Manages hardware and provides user interface; crucial for the functionality of the system.
- Application Software: Designed for specific tasks, e.g., word processors and spreadsheets.
Interdependence: Hardware and software are interconnected; both are necessary for effective operation of a computer system.

Definition: The transmission of information and signals over distances.
Role: Provides the infrastructure for data, voice, and video exchange.
Data: Raw facts processed or stored, can be various formats like text, images, or audio.
Databases: Organized collections of structured data essential for efficient storage and retrieval.

Definition: Step-by-step guidelines for tasks related to technology; includes operational, security, data recovery, and maintenance procedures.

Definition: The human aspect of ICT, comprising individuals and groups involved in technology management.
Examples: Software developers, IT professionals, and project teams are all critical for technology efficacy.

Definition: A combination of hardware, software, and people facilitating data processing, storage, and retrieval.
Characteristics:
- Interdependence: Components rely on each other to function effectively.
- Leverage Points: Small changes can lead to significant impacts within a system.
- Time Delay: Output may be impacted by predetermined delays in processing.

Understanding the intricate relationship between hardware, software, procedures, and the human element is essential for effective information communication technology systems.