EMPTECH Chapter 1 - Part 1 PDF

Introduction to ICT  H T P E A L E R E O C D P D P D O W M L A R A BASIC COMPONENTS U OF ICT R O W A C A N E F I A E B T C R D A A...

Introduction to ICT  H T P E A L E R E O C D P D P D O W M L A R A BASIC COMPONENTS U OF ICT R O W A C A N E F I A E B T C R D A A W T E U S A I R E R O E S N E S S  It refers to the physical parts or elements of a computer. Computer Hardware is classified into two. The Internal Hardware Devices which are often referred to as Components and External Hardware Devices which are also know as Peripherals.  Internal Hardware Devices include Motherboard, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Main Memory (also known as Random- Access Memory or RAM), and Hard Disk Drive. ❖It is the main circuit board of your computer. ❖It is also known as the Mainboard or Logic Board. ❖Attached to the motherboard are the CPU, RAM expansion slots, PCI slots and USB ports. ❖Motherboard has the controllers for devices like the Hard Drive, DVD Drive, keyboard, and mouse. ❖Basically, the motherboard is what makes everything in your computer work together. ❖The CPU is the primary component of a computer that processes instructions. ❖It contains at least one processor, which is the actual chip inside the CPU that perform calculations. ❖A CPU with two processors or ‘processing cores’ is called a dual-core CPU and models with four cores are called quad-core CPUs. ❖It constitutes the physical brain and heart of the entire computer system; to it is linked various peripheral equipment, including input/output devices and auxiliary storage units. ❖It runs the Operating System (OS) and applications. ❖It constantly receives input from the user or active software programs. ❖It processes the data and produces output, which may stored by an application or displayed on the screen. ❖It runs the Operating System (OS) and applications. ❖It constantly receives input from the user or active software programs. ❖It processes the data and produces output, which may stored by an application or displayed on the screen. ❖Known as the RAM or Random- Access Memory. ❖It is where programs and data are kept when the processor is actively using them. ❖It is ‘volatile’ memory because if the computer loses power, all the data stored in RAM is lost or ‘evaporates’. ❖The amount of RAM in a device determines how much memory the operating system and open applications can use. When a device has sufficient RAM, several programs or applications can run simultaneously without any slowdown. ❖Commonly known as Hard Drive, is the main storage device in a computer. ❖It is the most common storage device used to store digital data. ❖HDDs are non-volatile, meaning they do not need electrical power to maintain their data.  External Hardware Devices include, but are not limited to, keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, speaker, and so on. These devices are commonly known as Peripheral Equipment or simply Peripherals. ❖These include the input devices, output devices, telecommunications gear, and auxiliary storage devices. MICROSOFT SUPER BOWL COMMERCIAL 2014: EMPOWERING  Computer Software is a general term that describes computer programs. Related terms such as software programs and applications fall under the category of computer software. Computer software falls into two broad classes: system software and application software. ❖The principal system software is the operating system. It manages the hardware, data and program files, and other system resources and provides means for the user to control the computer, generally via a graphical user interface (GUI). ❖Programs designed to handle specific tasks for users. Examples include general-purpose application suites with their spreadsheet and word- processing programs.  NOTE: Hardware and software are interdependent components of a computer system. The hardware provides the physical components that perform tasks, while the software dictates the specific actions and processes. Neither can function effectively without the other. MICROSOFT SUPER BOWL COMMERCIAL 2015: ESTELLA’S BRILLIANT BUS It refers to the transmission of information and signals over significant distances. Telecommunications provides the backbone for the exchange of data, voice, and video.  Data are raw facts and figures. Data is processed or stored by a computer. It may be in the form of text, documents, images audio clips, software programs, or other types of data. Computer are used to transform data into useful information through procedures.  Data are stored in a database. A database is an organized collection of structured information or data. It is a crucial component of ICT as it serves as the foundation for storing, managing, and retrieving data efficiently.  Procedures refer to step-by-step instructions or guidelines that outline how to perform specific tasks or operations related to information and communication technology. This includes Operational Procedures, Security Procedures, Data Recovery Procedures, and Maintenance Procedures.  Computers operate using a combination of hardware and software. However, without user interaction, most computers would be useless machines. Therefore, peopleware is considered as the third essential component in ICT, alongside hardware Examples of peopleware and software, emphasizing the crucial include individual people, role of humans. groups of people, project Peopleware is simply the human teams, IT professionals, element in technology. It refers to the people involved in creating, using, or software developer, network managing technology systems. engineers, and end-users. WORLD IN 1,000 YEARS FROM NOW SYSTEM ▪It is Interdependent ▪It has Leverage Points ▪It is affected by Time Delay ▪Interdependent Interdependence means that complex system depends on other systems or parts of the same system to be able to operate. ▪Leverage Points These are places within a complex system (a corporation, an economy, a city, an ecosystem, a computer system) where a small shift in one thing can produce big changes in everything. ▪Time Delay Systems with time delay cause the system output to be delayed by finite, predetermined amount of time.  A computer system is a collection of hardware, software, and people that work together to process, store, and retrieve data. In the context of ICT, it is a fundamental component that enables information processing, communication, and automation.