Which of the following tags is used to define a paragraph in HTML?
`<br>`
`<p>`
(correct)
`<h1>`
`<div>`
What is the purpose of the href attribute in an <a> tag?
To add an image to the hyperlink
To specify the heading of the linked page
To define the URL of the page the link goes to
(correct)
To format the appearance of the hyperlink
Which tag is used to define the most important heading in HTML?
<p><code><h1></code> (D)</p>
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Which of the following is the correct HTML tag for inserting a line break?
<p><code><br></code> (C)</p>
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Which tag is used to create an unordered list in HTML?
<p><code><ul></code> (B)</p>
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What does a browser use HTML tags for?
<p>To determine how to display the document (C)</p>
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Which tag defines a division or a section in an HTML document and is a block-level element?
<p><code><div></code> (B)</p>
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In HTML, what is considered an empty element?
<p>An element with no content and no end tag (B)</p>
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Which tag is used to create a hyperlink to an email address?
<p><code><a></code> with <code>href="mailto:"</code> (A)</p>
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HTML stands for Hyper Text Manipulation Language.
<p>False (B)</p>
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Browsers display HTML tags on the web page.
<p>False (B)</p>
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HTML documents must start with a declaration.
<p>True (A)</p>
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HTML elements have both a start and an end tag.
<p>False (B)</p>
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HTML elements can be nested inside other HTML elements.
<p>True (A)</p>
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HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements and are specified in the end tag.
<p>False (B)</p>
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Block-level elements always start on a new line.
<p>True (A)</p>
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The <h1> tag defines the least important heading.
<p>False (B)</p>
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HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
<p>True (A)</p>
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HTML lists can only be unordered (bulleted).
<p>False (B)</p>
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Which HTML tag is used to embed images?
<p><code><img></code> (D)</p>
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Which attribute specifies the location of an image in the <img> tag?
<p>src (A)</p>
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What happens when images are scaled up beyond their original dimensions?
<p>They may become pixelated. (A)</p>
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Which tag is used to embed audio files in HTML?
<p><code><audio></code> (A)</p>
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Which attribute specifies the audio file to be played in the <audio> tag?
<p>src (D)</p>
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Which attribute, when present, tells the browser to display audio controls?
<p>controls (A)</p>
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Which of these is a boolean attribute for the <audio> tag?
<p>autoplay (B)</p>
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Which of these attributes defines the height of the video display area?
<p>height (C)</p>
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Which element is used within the <video> tag to specify different video file formats for browser compatibility?
<p><code><source></code> (A)</p>
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The src attribute in the img tag specifies the image file name.
<p>True (A)</p>
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The width attribute in the img tag specifies the file size of the image.
<p>False (B)</p>
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Scaling up an image always maintains the image clarity.
<p>False (B)</p>
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External audio files can be embedded in an HTML document using the <audio> tag.
<p>True (A)</p>
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The controls attribute in the <audio> tag automatically starts playing the audio.
<p>False (B)</p>
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The 'autoplay' attribute requires a value assignment (e.g., autoplay="true") to work correctly within an audio tag.
<p>False (B)</p>
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Browsers support all audio codecs equally.
<p>False (B)</p>
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The <video> tag cannot embed external videos.
<p>False (B)</p>
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WEBM video is a patented video compression standard.
<p>False (B)</p>
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The <track> tag is used to specify subtitles for a video.
<p>True (A)</p>
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Flashcards
What is HTML?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, which is the standard markup language for creating web pages. It describes the structure of a web page using elements.
HTML Element
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag. It includes everything from the start tag to the end tag.
Nested HTML Elements
HTML elements can be nested inside other HTML elements. All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
HTML Attributes
HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements. They are always specified in the start tag and usually come in name/value pairs.
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Block vs. Inline Elements
Block-level elements start on a new line and take up the full width available. Inline elements do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary.
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HTML Headings
HTML headings are titles or subtitles displayed on a webpage. They are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags, with <h1> being the most important and <h6> the least.
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HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag. They are used to structure and display blocks of text on a webpage.
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HTML Links
The <a> tag in HTML creates hyperlinks, allowing users to navigate between pages. The href attribute specifies the URL of the linked page.
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HTML Lists
HTML lists are used to group related items in lists. Unordered lists <ul> are marked with bullets, ordered lists <ol> are marked with numbers, and description lists <dl> contain terms and descriptions.
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HTML Div Element
The <div> element is a container for other HTML elements. It is by default a block element and can be used to create sections on a page.
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Web Browsers
Software applications that allow users to view web pages. They read HTML documents and display them accordingly, using the HTML tags to determine how to render the content.
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DOCTYPE declaration
A declaration that specifies the HTML version used in the document. It must be the first thing in the HTML document: <!DOCTYPE html>
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HTML blockquote
A tag that defines a section quoted from another source. Browsers typically indent <blockquote> elements.
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HTML Line Break Element
Creates a line break in the text. It is a stand-alone tag, called a void element in HTML5.
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HTML Horizontal Rule Element
Configures a horizontal line on the page. In HTML5, it should be used to indicate a thematic break.
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HTML Phrase Elements
Elements indicating the context and meaning of text, displayed inline.
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mailto: links
An HTML tag used to create clickable links for email addresses. It uses the mailto: protocol in the href attribute.
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tel: links
An HTML tag that creates clickable phone number links, useful on mobile devices, opens phone app.
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Structural Elements
Tags used to define structural sections: header, nav, main, and footer.
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tag
Used to embed images in HTML documents. It uses the 'src' attribute to specify the image URL.
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src attribute
Specifies the image location URL, can be absolute or relative, required inside the tag.
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alt attribute
Specifies text describing the image, for use when the image cannot be loaded, useful for accessibility.
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width attribute
Specifies the pixel width of the area the image will occupy.
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height attribute
Specifies the pixel height of the area the image will occupy.
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Scaling Up
Enlarging images beyond their original dimensions, causing visible pixels and reduced quality.
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Scaling Down
Reducing image size is more efficient and maintains clarity if managed carefully.
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HTML element used to embed audio content in a document.
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src attribute (audio)
Specifies the audio resource URL. It's an attribute of audio.
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autoplay attribute
A boolean attribute that specifies the browser should immediately start playing the audio resource.
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loop attribute
A boolean attribute that specifies the browser should play the audio resource repeatedly.
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controls attribute (audio)
A boolean attribute that specifies the browser should display user controls to start or stop the audio playing.
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preload attribute
Specifies how the audio resource should be loaded.
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HTML element used to embed video content in a document.
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element (video)
Used in the video tag to specify multiple video file formats for browser compatibility.
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Advanced Video Coding (AVC)
A patented standard that is also known as H.264 or MPEG-4 (.mp4 files).
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WEBM video
A royalty-free alternative to the patented H.264 and MPEG-4 standard (.webm files).
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Tag used in
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src attribute (track)
Specifies the WebVTT file for the
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kind attribute
Specifies the track type.
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srclang attribute
Specifies the language of the track text data.
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default attribute
When present, the subtitles will enable by default.
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Maintain aspect ratio
Ensuring the width and height of an image are scaled proportionally to maintain its original shape.
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Embedding audio
External audio files (e.g., MP3) are embedded using the
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element (audio)
Used within the tag to provide alternative audio formats for different browsers.
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Embedding video
External video files (MP4) can be embedded into HTML using the tag.
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Study Notes
Incorporate Media Content
Images, audio, and video can be added to HTML documents.
Add Images
Images improve the design and appearance of a webpage.
Use the <img> tag to add images to an HTML document.
The src attribute specifies the image location URL and is required.
It can be an absolute or relative path.
The width attribute is recommended to specify the pixel width of the image.
The height attribute is recommended to specify the pixel height of the image.
The alt attribute is recommended to describe the image, for cases where it can't load.
Scaling images too large beyond their original dimensions causes pixelation.
Scaling down reduces image size and maintains clarity but must be managed carefully.
Ensure the width and height are scaled proportionally to maintain the image's aspect ratio.
Add Audio
External audio, like MP3 music files, can be embedded using the <audio></audio> tags.
The src attribute specifies the audio resource URL.
autoplay is a boolean attribute that starts playing the audio immediately.
loop is a boolean attribute that makes the audio play repeatedly.
controls is a boolean attribute that displays user controls for the audio.
preload accepts "auto" or "none" to suggest if the browser should preload the audio.
Boolean attributes like autoplay, loop, and controls work by their presence alone.
Browsers use built-in codecs to decode audio, but not all support the same codecs.
AAC (mp4a.40.2) is used for MP3 audio and supported by Chrome, Firefox, and Edge.
Ogg (vorbis) is used for OGG format audio and supported by other browsers.
To handle different codecs, use two <source> elements within the <audio> tag.
Each specifies the URL in src and the MIME type in the type attribute.
Add Video
External video, like MP4 video files, can be embedded using <video> tags.
The element can include src, autoplay, loop, controls, and preload attributes.
Dimensions of the video display area can be specified with width and height attributes.
Advanced Video Coding (AVC) is a patented standard, also known as H.264 or MPEG-4 (.mp4 files).
WEBM video is a royalty-free alternative to H.264 and MPEG-4 (.webm files).
Use <source> elements in a <video> tag to specify video files in multiple formats.
A <track> tag in a <video> tag adds subtitles.
src specifies the WebVTT file.
kind specifies the track type.
srclang specifies the language.
default enables subtitles by default.
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