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Questions and Answers
An HTML element without an end tag is still considered valid according to HTML standards.
An HTML element without an end tag is still considered valid according to HTML standards.
False (B)
The alt attribute in the `` tag is optional and does not impact the accessibility of the webpage.
The alt attribute in the `` tag is optional and does not impact the accessibility of the webpage.
False (B)
HTML headings, defined by tags `` to <h6>, affect the document's structure but not the size of the text displayed.
HTML headings, defined by tags `` to <h6>, affect the document's structure but not the size of the text displayed.
False (B)
The primary function of the HTML style attribute is to define the structure of a webpage, not its presentation.
The primary function of the HTML style attribute is to define the structure of a webpage, not its presentation.
Block-level HTML elements, such as and, can only contain other block-level elements and cannot contain inline elements.
Block-level HTML elements, such as and, can only contain other block-level elements and cannot contain inline elements.
Using semantic HTML elements like , , and `` improves the webpage's SEO and accessibility by providing structure and meaning to the content.
Using semantic HTML elements like , , and `` improves the webpage's SEO and accessibility by providing structure and meaning to the content.
The `` element is specifically designed to visually separate different sections of a webpage with a distinct horizontal line.
The `` element is specifically designed to visually separate different sections of a webpage with a distinct horizontal line.
The HTML `` declaration is an HTML tag that specifies the version of HTML being used in the document.
The HTML `` declaration is an HTML tag that specifies the version of HTML being used in the document.
The lang attribute is used exclusively within the `` tag to declare the language of the entire webpage and has no impact on the document if placed within other elements.
The lang attribute is used exclusively within the `` tag to declare the language of the entire webpage and has no impact on the document if placed within other elements.
An absolute URL, used in the href attribute of an `` tag, always refers to a resource located on the same domain as the current webpage.
An absolute URL, used in the href attribute of an `` tag, always refers to a resource located on the same domain as the current webpage.
Flashcards
What is HTML?
What is HTML?
The standard markup language for creating web pages, providing structure with elements.
HTML Elements
HTML Elements
Building blocks of HTML pages, defined by a start tag, content, and an end tag.
HTML Attributes
HTML Attributes
Provide additional information about HTML elements, specified in the start tag as name-value pairs.
What does href do?
What does href do?
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What does src do?
What does src do?
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What is the `` element?
What is the `` element?
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What is the `` element?
What is the `` element?
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`` Declaration
`` Declaration
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Semantic HTML
Semantic HTML
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What are URLs?
What are URLs?
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Study Notes
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web pages
- It provides the structure of a webpage
- It consists of a series of elements that tell the browser how to display the content
HTML Elements
- HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages
- They are defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag
- Example:
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> - Example:
This is a paragraph. - The element is everything from the start tag to the end tag
Anatomy of an HTML Element example
<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>Content goes here...tagnameis the name of the tag, e.g., 'p' for paragraph- Start tag:
<tagname> - Start tag: ``
- End tag:
</tagname> - End tag: ``
- Content: 'Content goes here...'
Nesting HTML Elements
- HTML elements can be nested (elements can contain other elements)
- All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements
Example of Nested Elements
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a Heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Page Title
This is a Heading
This is a paragraph.
- The
<html>element is the root element and it contains all other elements - The `` element is the root element and it contains all other elements
- The
<head>element contains meta-information about the HTML page - The `` element contains meta-information about the HTML page
- The
<title>element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or tab) - The `` element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or tab)
- The
<body>element defines the document's body, and contains all the visible content - The `` element defines the document's body, and contains all the visible content
HTML Attributes
- HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements
- Attributes are always specified in the start tag
- Attributes usually come in name-value pairs like:
name="value"
Common HTML Attributes
- The
hrefattribute of<a>specifies the URL of the page the link goes to:<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a> - The
hrefattribute of `` specifies the URL of the page the link goes to:Visit Example - The
srcattribute of<img>specifies the path to the image to be displayed:<img src="image.jpg" alt="My Image"> - The
srcattribute ofspecifies the path to the image to be displayed: - The
widthandheightattributes of<img>specify the width and height of the image:<img src="image.jpg" alt="My Image" width="500" height="600"> - The
widthandheightattributes ofspecify the width and height of the image: - The
altattribute of<img>specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed - The
altattribute of `` specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed - The
styleattribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more:<p style="color:blue;">This is a blue paragraph.</p> - The
styleattribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more:This is a blue paragraph. - The
langattribute of the<html>tag declares the language of the Web page:<html lang="en"> - The
langattribute of thetag declares the language of the Web page: - The
titleattribute defines some extra information about an element, often shown as a tooltip text when the mouse moves over the element:<p title="About this paragraph">This is a paragraph.</p> - The
titleattribute defines some extra information about an element, often shown as a tooltip text when the mouse moves over the element:This is a paragraph.
HTML Headings
- HTML headings are defined with the
<h1>to<h6>tags - HTML headings are defined with the
totags <h1>defines the most important heading- `` defines the most important heading
<h6>defines the least important heading- `` defines the least important heading
HTML Paragraphs
- HTML paragraphs are defined with the
<p>tag - HTML paragraphs are defined with the `` tag
HTML Links
- HTML links are defined with the
<a>tag - HTML links are defined with the `` tag
- The link's destination is specified in the
hrefattribute
HTML Images
- HTML images are defined with the
<img>tag - HTML images are defined with the `` tag
- The source file (src), alternate text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes
HTML Lists
- HTML supports ordered, unordered, and definition lists
- Unordered lists use the
<ul>tag - Unordered lists use the `` tag
- Ordered lists use the
<ol>tag - Ordered lists use the `` tag
- List items use the
<li>tag - List items use the `` tag
HTML Tables
- HTML tables are defined with the
<table>tag - HTML tables are defined with the `` tag
- Table rows are defined with the
<tr>tag - Table rows are defined with the `` tag
- Table data/cells are defined with the
<td>tag - Table data/cells are defined with the `` tag
- Table headers are defined with the
<th>tag - Table headers are defined with the `` tag
HTML Forms
- HTML forms are used to collect user input
- HTML forms are defined with the
<form>tag - HTML forms are defined with the `` tag
- Input elements are the most important form elements
- Different types of input elements: text, password, submit, radio, checkbox
HTML Input Types
<input type="text">defines a single-line text input field- `` defines a single-line text input field
<input type="password">defines a password field (characters are masked)- `` defines a password field (characters are masked)
<input type="submit">defines a submit button for submitting the form- `` defines a submit button for submitting the form
<input type="radio">defines a radio button (for selecting one of many choices)- `` defines a radio button (for selecting one of many choices)
<input type="checkbox">defines a checkbox (for selecting zero or more choices)- `` defines a checkbox (for selecting zero or more choices)
HTML Styles (CSS)
- HTML
styleattribute is used to add CSS styles to elements - CSS provides control over the presentation of HTML elements, such as colors, fonts, positioning, and layout
HTML Blocks and Inlines
- Block-level elements always start on a new line and take up the full width available
- Examples:
<div>,<h1>-<h6>,<p>,<ul>,<ol>,<li>,<table>,<form> - Examples:
,,,,,,, - Inline elements do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary
- Examples:
<span>,<a>,<img> - Examples:
,, ``
HTML Layout Elements
- HTML5 offers semantic elements to define different parts of a web page:
<header>: Defines a header for a document or section- ``: Defines a header for a document or section
<nav>: Defines a set of navigation links- ``: Defines a set of navigation links
<article>: Defines an independent, self-contained content- ``: Defines an independent, self-contained content
<section>: Defines a section in a document- ``: Defines a section in a document
<aside>: Defines content aside from the page content- ``: Defines content aside from the page content
<footer>: Defines a footer for a document or section- ``: Defines a footer for a document or section
- These elements provide structure and meaning to the content
HTML <div> Element
- The
<div>element is a generic container for flow content - The `` element is a generic container for flow content
- It has no specific meaning
- Used to group elements for styling purposes
HTML <span> Element
- The
<span>element is an inline container used to mark up a part of a text, or a part of a document - The `` element is an inline container used to mark up a part of a text, or a part of a document
- It has no specific meaning
- Used to apply styles or attributes to a specific section of text
HTML Doctype
- The
<!DOCTYPE html>declaration defines the document to be HTML5 - The `` declaration defines the document to be HTML5
- It must be the very first thing in the HTML document, before the
<html>tag - It must be the very first thing in the HTML document, before the `` tag
- It is not an HTML tag; it is an instruction to the web browser about what version of HTML the page is written in
HTML Character Encoding
- To display an HTML page correctly, a web browser must know the character set used in the page
- This is specified in the
<meta>tag in the<head>section - This is specified in the
tag in thesection <meta charset="UTF-8">is commonly used for UTF-8 encoding, which supports a wide range of characters- `` is commonly used for UTF-8 encoding, which supports a wide range of characters
HTML Semantics
- Semantic HTML refers to the practice of using HTML markup to reinforce the semantics, or meaning, of the content
- Examples:
<article>,<aside>,<nav>,<header>,<footer> - Examples:
,,,, `` - Non-semantic elements:
<div>and<span>(they tell nothing about the content) - Non-semantic elements:
and(they tell nothing about the content) - Semantic elements clearly define the purpose of the content
HTML Entities
- Some characters are reserved in HTML
- If you use the less than (
<) or greater than (>) signs in your text, the browser might mix them with tags - If you use the less than (
) or greater than () signs in your text, the browser might mix them with tags - Character entities are used to display reserved characters in HTML
- A character entity looks like this:
&entity_name;or&#entity_number; - Common entities:
<for<,>for>,&for&, for a non-breaking space - Common entities:
<for ``,&for&, for a non-breaking space
HTML URLs
- URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) are web addresses
- URLs can point to HTML pages, text files, images, or any other document on the web
- Absolute URL: Links to another website
- Relative URL: Links to a page within the same website
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Description
Learn the basics of HTML, the standard markup language for creating web pages. Understand elements, tags, and how to structure content. Explore the anatomy of HTML elements and nesting.
