Introduction to Health Science
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of health according to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?

  • The absence of disease.
  • Merely the ability to perform daily activities.
  • A resource for everyday life. (correct)
  • Achieving a state of complete physical well-being.

    • What does Health Science primarily focus on?

  • The study of historical health practices.
  • The theoretical aspects of health.
  • The promotion of wellness without clinical evaluation.
  • The application of pure science knowledge to health care. (correct)

    • Which concept emphasizes social and personal resources along with physical capacities?

  • Physical fitness.
  • Disease prevention.
  • Wellness.
  • Health. (correct)

    • What does palliative care primarily focus on?

    <p>Managing pain and symptoms in non-curable conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a dimension of health?

    <p>Environmental Health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) describe?

    <p>The body's response to stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the overall burden of stress on the body?

    <p>Allostatic load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the discipline of Health Science encompass?

    <p>Human and animal health disciplines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of palliative care?

    <p>To achieve the best quality of life for patients and their families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a palliative intervention?

    <p>Surgery to remove tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does public health primarily aim to do?

    <p>Prevent disease and promote health among populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these components is part of wellness?

    <p>Optimal physical and emotional health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is health defined in the context provided?

    <p>Complete physical, mental, and social well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between health and wellness?

    <p>Health is static, while wellness is a dynamic process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of support is included in palliative care besides medical interventions?

    <p>Psychosocial and spiritual support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the focus of public health initiatives?

    <p>Improving health quality across communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as the stressor?

    <p>Any physical or psychological event or condition that produces stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the nervous system is activated during an emergency situation?

    <p>Sympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physiological change triggered by the fight or flight response?

    <p>Eyesight deteriorates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the hormone epinephrine during stress?

    <p>To enhance physical and psychological changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effective method for managing stress?

    <p>Building physical and emotional reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) represents which aspect of stress?

    <p>A universal and predictable response pattern to stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical change is NOT associated with the fight or flight response?

    <p>Decreased alertness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a primary goal of stress management?

    <p>Recognizing and changing stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characterized by involuntary grinding of teeth?

    <p>Gritting teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to feeling unable to make choices due to mental strain?

    <p>Difficulty in making decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common emotional reaction that may indicate mental health issues?

    <p>Frequent crying spells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical symptom could indicate increased anxiety levels?

    <p>Palpitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom includes feelings of worthlessness or loneliness?

    <p>Social withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom describes excessive worry or nervousness?

    <p>Excess anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could signify the body’s response to stress involving physical sensations?

    <p>Difficulty breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom can result in significant impairment in daily functioning due to mental fatigue?

    <p>Difficulty concentrating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does wellness emphasize beyond physical health?

    <p>Occupational and emotional wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is health mainly viewed in comparison to wellness?

    <p>As being related to Western medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between health and wellness?

    <p>Health is a state of being, while wellness is a lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes good mental health?

    <p>Successful performance of mental functions and fulfilling relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of how stress can manifest in individuals?

    <p>Frequent headaches or jaw clenching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the goals for mental health by the year 2030?

    <p>Reduce premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by one-third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does good hygiene have on psychological wellbeing?

    <p>It contributes positively to self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area does wellness NOT specifically focus on?

    <p>Physical fitness only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Health Science

    • Health science is a broad field encompassing disciplines related to human and animal health care.
    • It draws knowledge from pure science and applies it to practical, clinical practices to maintain and improve health.

    Health & Wellness

    • Health refers to a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
    • Wellness is an active process of making conscious choices towards a fulfilling existence, emphasizing physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, occupational, social, and environmental well-being.

    Dimensions of Wellness

    • Physical Wellness: Includes physical health, exercise, nutrition, and sleep patterns.
    • Emotional Wellness: Involves managing emotions, developing coping skills, and building positive relationships.
    • Intellectual Wellness: Focuses on cognitive stimulation through learning, problem-solving, and engaging in creative activities.
    • Spiritual Wellness: Relates to personal values, beliefs, and purpose, finding meaning in life.
    • Occupational Wellness: Entails finding satisfaction and meaning in work, balancing work and personal life.
    • Social Wellness: Involves building and maintaining healthy relationships, participating in community activities.
    • Environmental Wellness: Encompasses awareness of the impact of the environment on health and taking steps to protect it.

    Personal Hygiene

    • Essential for good grooming and health, neglecting it can lead to health and social problems.
    • Psychologically, good hygiene contributes to self-esteem.

    Mental Health

    • Mental health is defined as the successful performance of mental functions, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships, and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity.
    • Good mental health promotes good emotional health, characterized by positive feelings and self-control.

    Stress

    • Stressor: Any physical or psychological event or condition that triggers a stress response.
    • Stress response: The physical and emotional changes associated with stress.
    • Fight-or-Flight Reaction: Defense mechanism preparing an individual for conflict or escape by triggering hormonal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and other changes.

    Physiological Changes During Stress

    • Nervous System: The autonomic nervous system (involuntary) plays a key role.
      • Parasympathetic Division: Active during relaxed states, promotes digestion, energy storage, growth.
      • Sympathetic Division: Activated during emergencies (pain, anger, fear), triggers fight-or-flight.
    • Endocrine System: Releases hormones like epinephrine and cortisol in response to stress.

    General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

    • A universal, predictable response pattern to all stressors, triggered by either eustress (positive) or distress (negative).
    • Introduced by Hans Selye; Stages include the alarm reaction, resistance stage, and exhaustion stage.
    • Alarm Reaction: Initial response to the stressor, triggering fight-or-flight.
    • Resistance Stage: Body attempts to adapt to the ongoing stressor.
    • Exhaustion Stage: If stressors persist, the body's resources are depleted, leading to vulnerability.
    • GAS helps explain how exposure to overwhelming stress over extended periods can negatively impact health.

    Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

    • Explores the connections between the psychological, neurological, and immune systems.
    • PNI researchers examine how thoughts, emotions, and behaviors can influence the body's immune response.

    Allostatic Load

    • The cumulative wear and tear on the body that results from long-term exposure to stress hormones.
    • Chronic stress can increase allostatic load, making the body more susceptible to disease.

    Social Health

    • Relates to building and maintaining healthy relationships, participating in community activities, and contributing to society.
    • Strong social connections provide support and resilience in coping with stress.

    Physical Health

    • Encompasses physical well-being, including nutrition, exercise, sleep, and avoiding unhealthy habits.
    • A healthy lifestyle plays a vital role in preventing disease and improving overall well-being.

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    Introduction to Health Science PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of health science, including its relationship with human and animal health care. This quiz covers the definitions of health and wellness, as well as the dimensions of wellness that contribute to overall well-being. Test your understanding of physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and social wellness.

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