Introduction to Grid and Cloud Computing
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Which cloud deployment model provides resources solely for one organization?

  • Hybrid Cloud
  • Public Cloud
  • Private Cloud (correct)
  • Community Cloud

    • What characterizes a Public Cloud deployment model?

  • It is only accessible to a single entity.
  • It involves a combination of on-premises and off-premises resources.
  • It can be customized significantly for individual organizations.
  • Resources are shared among multiple organizations. (correct)

    • In what scenario would a Hybrid Cloud deployment model be most beneficial?

  • When high levels of data isolation are not a concern.
  • When an organization requires complete control over their infrastructure.
  • When sensitive data must be stored privately while leveraging public resources. (correct)
  • When minimal data handling is necessary.

    • Which step is NOT part of the IaaS utilization process?

    <p>Create a User Account</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about Community Clouds?

    <p>They are shared among a group of organizations with similar interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a private cloud from a public cloud?

    <p>A private cloud is exclusively used by one organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cloud deployment model combines both private and public clouds?

    <p>Hybrid Cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

    <p>IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Cloud Quality of Service (QoS) is correct?

    <p>Cloud computing only provides CPU-based QoS guarantees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of using a Grid Computing model?

    <p>Fractional allocation of resources across multiple machines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of cloud delivery models, what does Software as a Service (SaaS) entail?

    <p>Access to software applications hosted on the cloud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resource allocation characteristic is typical in cloud environments?

    <p>Resources can be scaled up or down as needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of a public cloud?

    <p>Resources are available to the general public over the internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the steps in utilizing IaaS effectively?

    <p>Understanding billing and resource usage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cloud computing typically handle resource capacity?

    <p>Capacity can be regarded as virtually infinite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a Cloud that is available to the public in a pay-as-you-go manner?

    <p>Public Cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Private Cloud?

    <p>Shared infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Hybrid Cloud model, which of the following is typically integrated?

    <p>Public and Private Cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IaaS is primarily focused on providing which type of resources?

    <p>Storage and computing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of a Community Cloud?

    <p>Shared infrastructure among specific organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Cloud deployment model combines elements of both private and public clouds?

    <p>Hybrid Cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What service model provides virtualized computing resources over the internet?

    <p>Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'Utility Computing'?

    <p>Services billed according to usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would an organization choose a Private Cloud model?

    <p>Greater control and customization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a common application of Cloud technology?

    <p>Offline data storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deployment model is most likely to enhance data security through isolation?

    <p>Private Cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of service model includes virtual machines and storage as primary offerings?

    <p>Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Grid and Cloud Computing

    • The presentation covers introductory material on Grid and Cloud Computing within the context of Parallel Programming.
    • The semester is 2022/2023 and the course is part of the Department of Software Engineering at the University of Szeged.
    • The IoTCloud Research Group is associated with the course, with contact details provided.

    Definition of Grids

    • A grid system is a network of interconnected computers, storage devices, and specialized tools/services.
    • Grid systems allow dynamic connection and disconnection between components.
    • The resources within a grid system are heterogeneous.
    • Grid resources are geographically distributed and linked through the Internet.
    • These resources are accessible on demand.

    Why Use Grids?

    • Grids enable solving complex computational problems by coordinating multiple resources.
    • Grids reduce computation time by distributing tasks across linked networks.
    • Grids allow access to large databases and specialized tools.
    • Grids support collaborative research among researchers.

    When to Use Grids?

    • Employ grids when a single PC requires significant time to complete a task, measured in days, weeks, months, or even years.
    • Grids are frequently used for computationally intensive tasks in scientific modeling, such as climate modeling, gene technology, molecular modelling, and economic modelling.

    Benefits of Using Grids

    • A grid system circumvents the high cost of dedicated supercomputers.
    • Grids provide a cost-effective way to combine the resources of various institutions, creating a virtually scalable infrastructure.
    • The system is virtually scalable on-demand.

    Grid Application Areas

    • High-Performance Computing (HPC): Providing increased computational power compared to a single supercomputer or localized cluster, with a requirement for parallel programming.
    • High-Throughput Computing (HTC): Leveraging interconnected computers to execute a high volume of tasks within a time frame.
    • Collaborative Work: Facilitating collaboration among specialists on complex problem-solving.

    Example: Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN

    • The LHC is an example where a grid is used to process large datasets, handle a huge number of events, and support many users.
    • The LHC generates and processes petabytes of data annually.

    General Grid Model

    • Institutes share their available computing capacity with each other via the Internet.
    • The grid model provides a mechanism for requesting additional compute capacity when required.

    Production Grid Model: HunGrid and EGEE

    • HunGrid and EGEE are production grid examples where institutes offer free computational capacity for 24 hrs a day.
    • This capacity is offered in a statically configured manner.
    • Users request access to the cloud on-demand.

    The Largest Production Grid: EGEE

    • EGEE is a large-scale grid encompassing numerous sites across 55 countries.
    • EGEE has approximately 150,000 cores, 28 petabytes of disk storage, and 330,000 jobs per day.
    • It is composed of about 200 virtual organizations and 14,000 users.

    Desktop Grid Model

    • Desktop Grid model leverages free computing resource from corporate and university servers.
    • Task distribution is facilitated through the Internet connectivity.

    Parallelism in Production Grids with Parameter Study Construct

    • A production grid structure incorporates parallelism, a concept for breaking larger tasks into smaller parallel components, executed over a grid network.

    Two Levels of Parallelization with Grid Workflows

    • Workflow processes, in grid applications, are arranged in multi-level parallel execution.

    EGEE Applications

    • EGEE encompasses around 270 virtual organizations (VOs) encompassing various scientific fields. (Examples given are: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Civil Protection, Computational Chemistry, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computer Science, Condensed Matter Physics, Earth Sciences, Fusion Energy, High Energy Physics, Life Sciences).
    • Many applications are currently being used routinely at ~80-95% efficiency.

    EGI Platforms

    • EGI platforms provide a multi-layered framework for virtual research communities in a cloud environment.
    • The framework encompasses several layers, including EGI Cloud, Collaboration and Community platforms.
    • These layers interact with core grid infrastructure and resources, such as virtual machines (VMs) and storage components.

    Cloud Infrastructure Platform

    • Cloud platforms are presented as layered structures: hardware is at the bottom, followed by the operating system (OS) layer, grid middleware, community specific services and finally, scientific portals at the top. Custom middleware and hypervisors are also present in this infrastructural architecture.

    Cloud Definitions

    • A Public Cloud offers its services to the public on a pay-as-you-go basis.
    • Utility computing is a business model for the sale of cloud services, with examples like Amazon Web Services, Google, App Engine, and Microsoft Azure.

    Definitions (Buyya et al.)

    • A cloud system is a parallel and distributed system comprising interconnected, virtualized computers dynamically provisioned and presented as unified computing resources based on service-level agreements between service providers and users.

    European Commission Definition

    • A cloud is an elastic execution environment involving multiple stakeholders, providing metered service at multiple levels of quality.

    Characteristics (of Clouds)

    • Cloud-based computing leverages virtualized computing resources; these virtual resources include software, database systems, web servers, operating systems, storage devices, and networking.
    • The on-demand functionality allows the dynamic addition or subtraction of processors, memory, network bandwidth, and storage capacity.

    Grid vs. Clouds

    • Grid computing utilizes custom hardware/networks, while cloud computing employs commodity hardware/networks.
    • Grid computing relies on precise task execution and often uses libraries tailored to the specific hardware, while cloud computing utilizes virtualized environments that support various applications.
    • Grid computing often employs whole-machine units for resource allocation, whereas cloud computing allows allocation of fractional resource units in the cloud.

    Grids vs. Clouds (EGEE and Amazon)

    • EGEE targets scientific communities, whereas Amazon targets businesses.
    • EGEE uses short-term batch processing jobs, whereas Amazon provides long-term virtualized service access.
    • EGEE employs open-source middleware, while Amazon uses proprietary middleware.

    Cloud Delivery Models

    • Cloud delivery models include Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

    Cloud Infrastructure Deployment Models

    • Cloud infrastructure deployment models include private clouds, public clouds, hybrid clouds, and community clouds.

    laaS Utilization Steps

    • laaS utilization involves uploading virtual appliances, configuring and launching VMs, deploying instances and access.

    Additional Reading and References

    • The presentation offers a selection of relevant publications and websites related to grid and cloud computing.

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    Introduction to Grid and Cloud Computing (University of Szeged) PDF

    Description

    This quiz introduces the concepts of Grid and Cloud Computing as part of the Parallel Programming course in the 2022/2023 semester. It explores the definition, purpose, and advantages of grid systems, emphasizing their role in solving complex computational problems. Test your knowledge on these foundational topics in Software Engineering!

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