Introduction to Food Microbiology

multiply, attach to target sites, evade the immune system, and obtain nutrients from the host

Yeast infections and Valley fever

Runny nose, muscle aches, and upset stomach

<p>Proper hygiene practices like frequent handwashing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rash and itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receiving recommended vaccinations and keeping them up to date</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strep throat and Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redness, heat, swelling, fever, and pain at the site of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For around 3 billion years in the Precambrian era</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Horizontal gene transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria, or superbugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beneficial and harmful</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>220 million years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methanogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The six major types of microorganisms are bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three domains of life that microorganisms are found in are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food microbiology is the study of microorganisms in food and how they affect food quality, safety, and health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microorganisms play a significant role in maintaining the Earth's environment through various processes such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and oxygen production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microorganisms can be beneficial in processes like food production, medicine, and environmental remediation. However, they can also cause diseases and food spoilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key learning objectives of ERF 215 are to understand the development of microbiology as a science, the roles of microorganisms in various contexts, the structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the diversity of microorganisms, and laboratory techniques in microbiology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microorganisms are crucial in food because they can influence food safety, quality, and health. They can cause food spoilage, contamination, and disease, but also contribute to desirable changes in food like fermentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diversity of microorganisms means that a wide range of species can interact with food, leading to varying effects on quality, safety, and spoilage. Understanding this diversity is critical for effective food production and preservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria can reproduce independently, while viruses require a host cell to replicate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbes break down complex organic matter and recycle nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunocompromised individuals have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to fungal infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria can produce toxins or invade tissues directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses are smaller and consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat, while bacteria have a more complex cellular structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria and can lead to severe respiratory issues and death if untreated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that decompose organic matter, helping recycle nutrients in the ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses replicate inside host cells, which eventually break open, releasing new viruses into the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbes improve soil structure by facilitating aggregation and enhancing nutrient availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen fixation allows microbes to convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants, promoting their growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbes degrade or transform pollutants, cleaning up contaminated environments and restoring ecological balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fermentation involves microbes converting sugars into alcohol or acids, aiding in food preservation and flavor enhancement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbes inhibit the growth of pathogens and spoilage organisms, ensuring food safety during storage and preparation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antimicrobial compounds prevent spoilage by inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms, extending food shelf life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbial activities maintain nutrient cycling and ecosystem balance, promoting overall environmental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbes enhance food's flavor, aroma, texture, and digestibility through metabolic processes and enzyme production.</p> Signup and view all the answers