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Questions and Answers
Which type of production focuses on producing various products according to customer specifications?
Which type of production focuses on producing various products according to customer specifications?
What is a key characteristic of continuous production?
What is a key characteristic of continuous production?
In which type of production is inventory always available?
In which type of production is inventory always available?
Which factory layout is associated with batch production?
Which factory layout is associated with batch production?
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What is the primary purpose of using a process flow diagram (PFD)?
What is the primary purpose of using a process flow diagram (PFD)?
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What characterizes mass production in the food industry?
What characterizes mass production in the food industry?
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Which of the following best describes batch production?
Which of the following best describes batch production?
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What is a significant disadvantage of continuous production?
What is a significant disadvantage of continuous production?
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How does production management impact food production activities?
How does production management impact food production activities?
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What is a key factor in differentiating continuous production from batch production?
What is a key factor in differentiating continuous production from batch production?
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What is an objective for determining a strategic location for a company?
What is an objective for determining a strategic location for a company?
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Which method is used for effective production scheduling?
Which method is used for effective production scheduling?
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What is the purpose of inventory control?
What is the purpose of inventory control?
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Which factor is NOT typically considered in site location planning?
Which factor is NOT typically considered in site location planning?
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What type of inventory includes raw materials and ready goods?
What type of inventory includes raw materials and ready goods?
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Which factor is NOT considered in plant design principles related to site and location?
Which factor is NOT considered in plant design principles related to site and location?
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What is one objective of exterior and interior building design in plant design?
What is one objective of exterior and interior building design in plant design?
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What should be avoided in process flow design to enhance material handling?
What should be avoided in process flow design to enhance material handling?
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Which utility is essential for a plant to ensure operational effectiveness?
Which utility is essential for a plant to ensure operational effectiveness?
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What is a primary consideration in choosing a site for production planning?
What is a primary consideration in choosing a site for production planning?
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Which of the following flows must be managed within a plant design for optimal operations?
Which of the following flows must be managed within a plant design for optimal operations?
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What design principle aims to minimize material handling costs?
What design principle aims to minimize material handling costs?
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What is the purpose of a zoning system in production planning?
What is the purpose of a zoning system in production planning?
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Which ISO principle emphasizes the importance of preventing issues rather than correcting them post-factum?
Which ISO principle emphasizes the importance of preventing issues rather than correcting them post-factum?
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What does the ISO 9000 series primarily provide?
What does the ISO 9000 series primarily provide?
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Which ISO standard specifically addresses quality in the production or service provision stage?
Which ISO standard specifically addresses quality in the production or service provision stage?
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What is a core idea of the ISO quality system related to standards?
What is a core idea of the ISO quality system related to standards?
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Which of the following is NOT a focus of the ISO principles?
Which of the following is NOT a focus of the ISO principles?
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What is the primary objective of increasing inventory control?
What is the primary objective of increasing inventory control?
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What is a benefit of bulk purchasing in the context of cost-saving?
What is a benefit of bulk purchasing in the context of cost-saving?
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Which aspect does total quality management primarily emphasize?
Which aspect does total quality management primarily emphasize?
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How does quality control define its mission?
How does quality control define its mission?
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What does the cultural transformation aspect of total quality management involve?
What does the cultural transformation aspect of total quality management involve?
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Why is smooth production critical in the context of inventory management?
Why is smooth production critical in the context of inventory management?
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What role does product liability play in a company's reputation?
What role does product liability play in a company's reputation?
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In terms of quality, what is emphasized to meet customer needs?
In terms of quality, what is emphasized to meet customer needs?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Food Industrial Management (STKM4612)
- Course objective: Understand activities in food production industries.
- Production activities create change, transforming raw materials into finished goods and services that meet consumer desires.
Production Management
- Production involves planning, organization, leadership, and control over input transformation (raw materials, labor, machinery) to produce valuable output (goods/services) satisfying consumer needs.
Production Methods
- Mass production: Designed for identical products in high volume; utilizing specialized machinery and equipment. Examples include washing machines, radios, light bulbs, pens, newspapers, snacks.
- Batch production: Processes a few items in groups/lots. Often used for diverse products to fulfill varied needs or demand. Examples include furniture and textbooks.
- Continuous production: Runs 24/7 for high-volume production of a single product type. High standardization makes changing product lines difficult. Examples include chemical material, photographic, printing, paper, and oil refining plants.
Differences between Mass, Batch, and Continuous Production
| Feature | Mass Production | Batch Production | Continuous Production |
|---|---|---|---|
| Focus | Mass production | Production according to customer specifications | Non-stop production process |
| Type of Product | Various uniform products | Different products (reservation based) | One product (commodity) |
| Demand | Stable | Not stable | Very stable |
| Inventory Storage | Yes | No | Always available |
| Factory Layout | According to product | According to process | According to product |
Flow Diagram (PFD)
- Documents a process for better understanding, quality control, and employee training.
- Standardizes a process for optimal efficiency and repeatability.
- Studies a process for efficiency and improvement, highlighting unnecessary steps, bottlenecks, and inefficiencies.
- Models a better process or creates a brand-new process.
- Communicates and collaborates with diagrams useful for all roles within the organization.
- Examples include Microsoft Visio, Superpro, process flow diagrams (PFD), and Piping and Instrument Diagrams (P&ID).
Production Planning
- Design Planning: Plans and arranges the factory’s design and internal layout considering factors like plant area, worker volume, machine types, and environment to minimize material handling.
- Objective: Space utilization, labor effectiveness, communication facilitation between employees, supervisors, and customers; facilitating material flow.
- Considered factors: Size of the space, number of employees, machine types, production process, subsequent operations, factory site/environment, and position of the factory.
- Site Location Planning: Careful selection of the site minimizes future losses (water, electricity, supply, etc.). Minimized operating costs (transportation, labor, raw material, distribution). Includes expanding existing facilities, providing facilities in new locations while maintaining existing ones, or moving to a new location. Factors considered are labor, raw materials, transportation facilities, distance to markets/consumers, infrastructure, financial institutions, security, and medical services.
Production Planning - Scheduling
- Preparation of detailed schedules for the production process of required goods/services.
- Methods include Gantt charts and PERT/CPM charts.
Inventories
- Inventory is a stock of raw materials, semi-finished goods, and finished goods used for production and meeting customer demand.
- Inventory Control: Managing receipt, storage, material handling, and calculations for raw materials, in-process, and finished goods to maintain smooth workflow. Also includes handling quantities at optimal levels according to cost, profitability, and service quality criteria.
Inventory control Objectives
- Reduce delay time in production process: Proper inventory control reduces delays.
- Identify the number/order of materials/goods at optimum price for cost saving: Inventory control optimizes pricing and minimizes costs.
- Increase production volume: Increased efficiency increases productivity.
- As a safety measure protect from uncertainty of demand at some point/avoid excess offer: Inventory acts as a buffer against uncertainties in demand
Inventory control Importance
- Protection from inflation and supply deficiencies: Inventory protects against inflation and supply shortages.
- Bulk purchase discount: Purchasing in bulk allows for cost savings.
- Smooth production process: Inventory ensures smooth production flow.
- Avoid deficiency inventories: Prevents shortages in the process.
- Cost saving: Reduces overall costs.
Quality Control
- Definition: Process designed to produce affordable goods/services meeting quality standards. Quality judged by tangible and implicit product/service characteristics that satisfy customers.
- Factors: Cost, market share, company reputation, international implications, and product liability affect quality.
- Process: Manufacturing steps that control quality include purchasing raw materials and distributing the resultant goods to customers.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Definition: Customer-oriented process, continuously involving all aspects of the organization to bring about a comprehensive change toward an excellent organizational culture.
- TQM Objectives: Provide good quality to all customers, satisfy customers with quality outputs meeting needs, and maintain continuous improvement of the process system to run smoothly.
International Standard Organization (ISO)
- Definition: A written standard explaining the basic elements necessary for a quality system to ensure customer needs are met, creating a quality assurance system that establishes standards for prevention over corrections to avoid mistakes.
- ISO Principles: Quality standards for quality systems, as opposed to standards for individual products or services, are applied universally based on documentation. Emphasizing prevention over remedial action.
- ISO 9000 series: Guidelines introducing quality-related terms and concepts. Quality standards for various aspects, including design, production, and post-production services, production processes in the factory, and final inspection and testing, and guidelines to implement quality control systems.
ISO 14001
- ISO 14001 covers environmental management systems. The components include environmental policy, environmental plan, management review, monitoring and corrective actions, and implementations.
Food Safety Management Systems
- Guidelines for food safety, such as recognized schemes like FSSC 22000, BRC, ISO 22000, MS 1480:2019 HACCP, and MS 1514:2009 GMP, ensuring food safety throughout the system's operations.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of food industrial management, focusing on production management and various production methods. You'll learn about mass, batch, and continuous production techniques within the food industry context. Assess your understanding of how these methods transform raw materials into consumer goods.
