Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

<p>The presence of external forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The swirling motion of water in a bathtub drain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The line integral of the velocity vector around a closed curve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates a point of infinite pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The motion of water in a whirlpool (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid Kinematics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has numerous real-world applications across various industries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuum hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There's a net movement of particles from one point to another over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing the flight patterns of birds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve aerodynamics and increase efficiency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid kinematics focuses on the movement of the fluid, while fluid dynamics analyzes the forces acting on it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scale of the problem requires focusing on the collective motion of many molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ℎ𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = 𝑘𝑉2 2𝑔 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Material of the pipe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because most real-world fluids are too complex to be solved analytically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convective acceleration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>𝑎 = (𝑉.∇)𝑉 + 𝜕𝑉/𝜕𝑡 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>𝑎 = 𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>𝑉 = 𝑢𝑖 + 𝑣𝑗 + 𝑤𝑘 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local acceleration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convective acceleration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>|𝑉| = √𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 + 𝑤 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Material derivative (C), Substantial derivative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>𝑎 = (𝑢 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑣 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑤 𝜕𝑧 ) + 𝜕𝑉/𝜕𝑡 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acceleration is the derivative of velocity with respect to time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The velocity becomes infinite. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the strength of the source or sink. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The source flows outward, while the sink flows inward. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By combining a source and a sink of equal strength. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\psi = \frac{m}{2\pi} \theta$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are only approximations for specific flow scenarios. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stream function of a sink. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sink flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>𝑢 = 𝑢max [1 − (𝑟/𝑅) 2 ] (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A curve showing the location of fluid particles passing through a point.

A flow where streamlines form concentric circles around an axis.

A flow where fluid mass rotates without external forces.

A vortex created by an external force, like mechanical power.

Line integral of tangential velocity around a closed curve.

Velocity component tangential to the streamline in a flow.

Path traced by fluid particles in steady flow.

Forces acting outward in a rotating system, countered by pressure forces.

The study of liquids and gases behavior at rest or in motion.

Branch of fluid mechanics focusing on fluid motion without forces.

Assumes fluids consist of large numbers of particles, ignoring individual molecules.

The rate of change of fluid's position over time.

The rate of change of the fluid's velocity over time.

The amount of fluid passing a point per unit time.

Shape designed to minimize resistance and improve fluid flow.

Texture on golf balls that increases lift and reduces drag.

Flow where the volume rate, m, is positive, indicating fluid flows radially outward.

Flow where the volume rate, m, is negative, indicating fluid flows toward the origin.

Used in various fields like aerodynamics, hydraulics, and blood flow analysis.

A scalar potential function used to simplify flow field calculations in potential flow.

A function whose contours represent the flow lines of the fluid, useful in visualizing flow fields.

A flow pattern formed by combining a source and a sink of equal strength.

A point in the flow where parameters like velocity become infinite, indicating an approximation in real flow.

The concept of simplifying complex flow patterns using models such as sources and sinks.

Rate of change of a quantity following a moving particle in a fluid.

Total velocity of a particle, combining all velocity components.

A vector representation of a particle's velocity components.

Total acceleration of a particle, derived from its scalar components.

A vector representation of a particle's acceleration components.

Acceleration due to the change of position in the fluid flow.

Acceleration with respect to time at a fixed position.

Describes how acceleration varies based on position and time.

Velocity expressed as a function of space and time.

Mathematical representation of vector quantities in physics.

The average speed of fluid moving through a pipe.

A non-dimensional constant representing head loss in pipe fittings, determined experimentally.

The reduction in fluid pressure due to fittings like valves and elbows.

The head loss coefficient for a gate valve, often measured at 75% open is 0.25.

The head loss coefficient for a globe valve, typically around 10.

The head loss coefficient for a 90-degree elbow fitting, typically around 0.9.

Represents the head loss when fluid splits at a tee junction, typically 1.8.

A method of problem-solving using dimensions, often combined with experimental data.

The equation that describes fluid velocity variation in laminar flow through pipes.

u = umax [1 - (r/R)^2], the commonly used formula for velocity in laminar flow.

The small volume of fluid flowing through a pipe at radius r.

The integral of discharge over the entire pipe volume.

ū = Q/A, the average speed of fluid in the cross-section of the pipe.

The average velocity in laminar flow is half of the maximum velocity.

-𝜕p = (8μū)/(R^2), describes pressure change related to average velocity.

A smooth, orderly flow of fluid, typically characterized by low velocities and high viscosity.