Podcast
Questions and Answers
What differentiates positive laws from customary laws?
What differentiates positive laws from customary laws?
- Positive laws are based on personal beliefs, while customary laws are universal.
- Positive laws evolve over time, while customary laws do not.
- Positive laws result from rational discussion, while customary laws arise unconsciously. (correct)
- Positive laws are not influenced by customs.
What is implied by the concept of 'Buntot mo, hila mo' in relation to freedom and obligation?
What is implied by the concept of 'Buntot mo, hila mo' in relation to freedom and obligation?
- One should avoid responsibilities.
- Freedom exists without any constraints or responsibilities.
- One's decisions do not impact others.
- Exercising freedom requires an understanding of one’s duties to others. (correct)
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with the concept of freedom in morality?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with the concept of freedom in morality?
- Responsibility for one’s actions
- Making choices based on moral discernment
- Imposing one's will on others (correct)
- Rationality in decision-making
Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between freedom and morality?
Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between freedom and morality?
Which of the following is a component of exercising freedom in moral contexts?
Which of the following is a component of exercising freedom in moral contexts?
What is the main focus of ethics as a branch of philosophy?
What is the main focus of ethics as a branch of philosophy?
Which term is derived from the Latin word 'Mores' and refers to societal customs?
Which term is derived from the Latin word 'Mores' and refers to societal customs?
In general approaches to ethics, what does meta-ethics primarily investigate?
In general approaches to ethics, what does meta-ethics primarily investigate?
How do folkways typically arise in a society?
How do folkways typically arise in a society?
What is a key characteristic of mores in a society?
What is a key characteristic of mores in a society?
Which example best illustrates an enacted institution?
Which example best illustrates an enacted institution?
What role do folkways play in the context of morality in a society?
What role do folkways play in the context of morality in a society?
Which statement best captures the nature of the relationship between society and the individual regarding mores?
Which statement best captures the nature of the relationship between society and the individual regarding mores?
Study Notes
Ethics and Morality
- Ethics is the systematic examination of the underlying principles of morality.
- Morality is derived from the Latin word "Mores" (customs) and refers to the subject matter of ethics.
General Approaches to Ethics
- Normative Ethics focuses on what is good and provides a moral framework for determining right and wrong.
- Meta-ethics examines the basis for moral judgments, exploring if they are subjective or objective, and analyzes the presuppositions, meanings, and justifications of ethical concepts and principles.
The Role of Society and the Individual in the Emergence of Mores
- Mores arise from our instinctive ways to survive or satisfy needs.
- They are learned through tradition, imitation, and authority.
- Mores serve as the basis for what is considered "right" within a particular society.
Folkways to Mores
- Folkways are established through experiment and selection, based on conformity and sanctions.
- Mores develop from folkways as they become associated with right and duty, and are perceived as essential for social welfare.
Mores
- Mores are folkways, including philosophical and ethical generalizations about societal welfare.
- They change through adaptation to new conditions and interests.
- They represent the customs, social rules, and social sanctions of society, influencing the individual or free moral agent.
Institutions
- Crescive Institutions are products of instinctive efforts, growing from the production of mores. Examples include marriage and religion.
- Enacted Institutions are products of rational invention and intention. Examples include the banking system.
Laws
- Positive Laws are formulated through rational reflection, discussion, and verification.
- Customary Laws are part of the customs of society and emerge unconsciously as part of the culture's mores.
Freedom and Morality
- Free Will is the ability to make choices, while Determinism suggests that actions are predetermined.
- Freedom allows individuals to make choices based on moral discernment and take responsibility for their actions.
- Obligation refers to one's duty to exercise freedom as a rational moral being.
Key Figures
- William Graham Sumner was a sociologist who studied the development of folkways and mores.
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Description
Explore the foundational theories of ethics and morality, including normative and meta-ethics. Understand the role of society and individuals in shaping moral customs, known as mores. This quiz delves into the distinctions between folkways and mores and their significance in a cultural context.
