Introduction to Ergonomics
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Questions and Answers

What does the term ergonomics derive from in Greek?

It derives from 'ergon' meaning 'work' and 'nomos' meaning 'rules'.

What fundamental concept does ergonomics emphasize in workplace design?

It emphasizes making the work fit the person, not the person fit the work.

How did the practice of ergonomics begin historically?

It began when humans first used tools to accomplish tasks beyond their physical capabilities.

What period does the Industrial Revolution refer to?

<p>It refers to the transition from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing around 1760 to 1840.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Christensen (1976), what does ergonomics involve?

<p>It involves intelligent reactions to the interactions between man and his environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the factory system on labor organization during the Industrial Revolution?

<p>The factory system introduced a division of labor, which allowed workers to specialize in specific tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two key developments in transportation during the Industrial Revolution.

<p>The automobile and the airplane were two key developments in transportation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Spinning Jenny in textile production?

<p>The Spinning Jenny allowed a worker to spin multiple spools of yarn simultaneously, reducing the labor needed for production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy sources became essential during the Industrial Revolution?

<p>Coal, steam engines, and electricity became essential energy sources during this period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did mass production change the manufacturing of goods during the Industrial Revolution?

<p>Mass production allowed for the efficient and large-scale manufacture of goods, reducing costs and increasing availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What invention is Eli Whitney known for?

<p>Interchangeable parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant machine did Elias Howe invent?

<p>The sewing machine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the first telephone?

<p>Alexander Graham Bell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Nikola Tesla invent in 1888?

<p>The induction electric motor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year was the first airplane invented and by whom?

<p>1903 by Orville and Wilbur Wright.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ergonomics' refer to?

<p>The study of people's efficiency in their working environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prompted greater interest in human-machine interaction during World War II?

<p>The efficiency of sophisticated military equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who created the word 'ergonomics'?

<p>Wojciech Jastrzebowski.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic human factors to consider in workplace design?

<p>People are different, people have limitations, and people have certain expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ergonomics differ from human factors?

<p>Ergonomics focuses on physical aspects of work, while human factors address cognitive involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the concept of 'one size fits all' problematic in workplace design?

<p>Because people vary in shapes and sizes, leading to discomfort and inefficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do human limitations in the workplace refer to?

<p>They refer to the physical and mental limits that confront humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the musculoskeletal system consist of?

<p>It consists of bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are predictable human reactions in workplace situations?

<p>They are the expected cognitive processes individuals exhibit in response to certain stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand the differences between human factors and ergonomics?

<p>It guides designers in addressing both physical and cognitive needs effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does cognitive design play in human factors?

<p>Cognitive design addresses how humans think, make decisions, and react to situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (MSD)?

<p>MSDs are injuries and disorders that affect the body's movement or musculoskeletal system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of body parts affected by MSD?

<p>Examples include muscles, tendons, discs, blood vessels, ligaments, and nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Work Related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (WMSDs) also known as?

<p>WMSDs are also known as Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) and Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two common symptoms of WMSDs.

<p>Common symptoms include pain and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of WMSDs?

<p>A primary cause of WMSDs is heavy, frequent, or awkward lifting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one risk factor associated with WMSDs.

<p>One risk factor is working in awkward postures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of injuries do WMSDs refer to?

<p>WMSDs refer to soft tissue injuries that occur gradually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are there recommendations for maximum weight lifting?

<p>Recommendations exist to prevent injuries associated with heavy lifting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Ergonomics

  • Ergonomics combines the Greek terms "ergon" (work) and "nomos" (rules).
  • Aims to design tools and tasks to enhance human efficiency.
  • Guiding principle: "Make the work fit the person, not the person fit the work."

History of Ergonomics

  • Ergonomics began with early humans using tools, marking the first practices of ergonomic principles.
  • The interaction between humans and their environment led to significant developments in ergonomics.

Industrial Revolution

  • A transition from agrarian economies to industrialization between 1760 and 1840.
  • Key developments included transportation and communication advancements.
  • Factory systems introduced division of labor, facilitating mass production.
  • The usage of materials like iron and steel increased with new energy sources such as coal and steam engines.

Noteworthy Inventions

  • Spinning Jenny allowed multiple yarn spools to be spun simultaneously.
  • Eli Whitney introduced interchangeable parts in 1775.
  • Innovations included the steam engine, telegraph, telephone, and the incandescent light bulb.
  • Major contributions from Nikola Tesla (induction motor) and the Wright brothers (first airplane).

Early Ergonomics Literature

  • Bernardino Ramazzini highlighted occupational disorders in his 1717 treatise, influencing early ergonomics.
  • Wojciech Jastrzebowski coined the term "ergonomics" in 1857 emphasizing a scientific basis for the field.

Impact of World War II

  • Significant interest in human-machine interaction arose to improve efficiency with complex military equipment and machinery.

Distinction: Ergonomics vs. Human Factors

  • "Human factors" relates to cognitive design issues, while "ergonomics" focuses on physical design issues.
  • Ergonomics considers variations among individuals, their limitations, and their predictable responses to workplace situations.

Importance of Human Factors

  • Workplace design must account for individual differences in shape and size.
  • Recognizes the physical and mental limitations of humans and the need for predictable cognitive responses.

Musculoskeletal System and Disorders

  • The musculoskeletal system includes bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and connective tissues.
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) affect movement and stability, resulting in soft tissue injuries.
  • Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs), also known as Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) or Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs), develop gradually.

Symptoms and Causes of WMSDs

  • Common symptoms include discomfort, pain, swelling, numbness, and tightness.
  • Major causes involve heavy lifting, awkward postures, repetitive tasks, vibration, and contact stress.
  • Risk factors for developing WMSDs are primarily associated with the frequency and manner of physical tasks.

Guidelines for Lifting

  • No definitive maximum weight is established; recommendations exist to guide safe lifting practices.

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Description

This quiz provides an overview of ergonomics, an interdisciplinary field that focuses on designing tools and tasks to enhance human capabilities. It emphasizes the importance of adapting work environments to fit individual needs, promoting efficiency and comfort. Explore the historical development and principles of ergonomics in this engaging quiz.

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