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Questions and Answers
The following all contribute to host individual susceptibility, except which?
The following all contribute to host individual susceptibility, except which?
- Nutritional status
- Age
- Family size (correct)
- Marital status
- Gender
A disease is endemic when:
A disease is endemic when:
- Constant over a specific population (correct)
- Periodic over several geographical areas
- Seasonal over several geographical areas
- Sporadic in more than one population
- Seasonal over a specific population
Constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population:
Constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population:
- Epidemic
- Pandemic
- Endemic (correct)
- Sporadic
- Outbreak
All of the following are host factors, except which?
All of the following are host factors, except which?
If 100 cases of cholera were reported in Jeddah, it would be considered as:
If 100 cases of cholera were reported in Jeddah, it would be considered as:
The events in which without the consequence of the disease cannot occur are:
The events in which without the consequence of the disease cannot occur are:
An epidemic occurring worldwide or over a very wide area is the definition of:
An epidemic occurring worldwide or over a very wide area is the definition of:
Occurring irregularly, haphazardly, from time to time is the definition of:
Occurring irregularly, haphazardly, from time to time is the definition of:
All of the following are part of descriptive epidemiology, except which?
All of the following are part of descriptive epidemiology, except which?
The British epidemiologist John Snow investigated the distribution of:
The British epidemiologist John Snow investigated the distribution of:
...........is defined as two or more cases that are thought to be linked in the same time and place.
...........is defined as two or more cases that are thought to be linked in the same time and place.
All of the following are host factors except:
All of the following are host factors except:
68-year-old falls in the bathroom counts as what?
68-year-old falls in the bathroom counts as what?
Which of the following water-related diseases is a water-hygienic disease?
Which of the following water-related diseases is a water-hygienic disease?
The source of water that is more prone to the transmission of water-borne diseases is?
The source of water that is more prone to the transmission of water-borne diseases is?
Increased frequency of respiratory infections during winter months is an example of which of the following?
Increased frequency of respiratory infections during winter months is an example of which of the following?
Why should an investigator who has no clinical background nonetheless talk to a patient or two as an early step in the outbreak investigation?
Why should an investigator who has no clinical background nonetheless talk to a patient or two as an early step in the outbreak investigation?
Water-borne disease is:
Water-borne disease is:
Epidemiology is the study of:
Epidemiology is the study of:
What was the incidence rate of CHF per 100,000 persons during the year 2012?
What was the incidence rate of CHF per 100,000 persons during the year 2012?
Study Notes
Introduction to Epidemiology
- Host individual susceptibility factors include age, gender, and nutritional status; marital status does not contribute.
- A disease is considered endemic when it has a constant presence in a specific population.
- Endemic definition: constant presence of a disease or infectious agent in a geographic area.
- Factors related to hosts include age, gender, and nutrition; hygiene conditions are not considered host factors.
- 100 cases of cholera in Jeddah would be classified as an outbreak.
- Necessary factors are events needed for disease occurrence; enabling and environmental factors do not qualify.
- A pandemic is an epidemic that occurs worldwide or across a vast area.
- Sporadic refers to occurrences that happen irregularly and from time to time.
- Descriptive epidemiology includes place, person, and time; association is not part of it.
Key Historical Contributions
- John Snow is recognized for his investigation of cholera distribution.
- An outbreak is defined as two or more cases thought to be linked in time and place.
Water-related Diseases
- Cholera is categorized as a water-hygienic disease.
- Shallow wells are the water source most prone to transmitting waterborne diseases.
Seasonal Trends
- Increased frequency of respiratory infections during winter is a seasonal trend.
Outbreak Investigation
- Early patient interviews in outbreak investigations help develop hypotheses about causes.
Study of Epidemiology
- Epidemiology encompasses the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states.
Morbidity
- Cardiovascular disease report:
- 2012 data: 30,000 confirmed cases of congestive heart failure (CHF) at the year's beginning; 12,000 new cases throughout the year.
- Year-end mortality: 23,000 deaths countrywide, with CHF as the underlying cause for 4,000 deaths.
- Incidence rate calculation for CHF: yielded 30 per 100,000 persons during 2012.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of epidemiology, including the definitions of endemic, outbreak, and pandemic diseases. This quiz will also cover factors related to host susceptibility and key historical contributions to the field, such as John Snow's work in cholera research.
