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Questions and Answers
Zoning designs should address issues of social ______ and inclusion.
Zoning designs should address issues of social ______ and inclusion.
cohesion
The critics argued that zoning distorts the natural allocation of land use within ______.
The critics argued that zoning distorts the natural allocation of land use within ______.
cities
Zoning should seek to maintain and improve the local ______.
Zoning should seek to maintain and improve the local ______.
environment
The only other headache is ______ and collusion in the system.
The only other headache is ______ and collusion in the system.
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A more innovative land use regulatory system will advance community ______.
A more innovative land use regulatory system will advance community ______.
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Land is the ______ on which the existence of life and man depends.
Land is the ______ on which the existence of life and man depends.
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Land is the foundation of ______, food and employment.
Land is the foundation of ______, food and employment.
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Even where the remains are cremated, the ashes eventually settle on ______.
Even where the remains are cremated, the ashes eventually settle on ______.
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It is imperative to ______ the use to which the land is put.
It is imperative to ______ the use to which the land is put.
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One of the veritable tools of physical planning is the concept of ______.
One of the veritable tools of physical planning is the concept of ______.
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The inelasticity supply curve for land highlights its ______ supply.
The inelasticity supply curve for land highlights its ______ supply.
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Planning is the art and science of controlling the use of ______.
Planning is the art and science of controlling the use of ______.
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Lord Scarman described planning as anything that relates to the character of the use of ______.
Lord Scarman described planning as anything that relates to the character of the use of ______.
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Zoning refers to either the land use provision in the ______ Regional Land Use Plan.
Zoning refers to either the land use provision in the ______ Regional Land Use Plan.
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Euclidean Zoning was first adopted in the city of ______ in Ohio.
Euclidean Zoning was first adopted in the city of ______ in Ohio.
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The primary planning function of each zone is to preserve the neighborhood by eliminating ______ uses of land.
The primary planning function of each zone is to preserve the neighborhood by eliminating ______ uses of land.
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Performance zoning requires developers to mitigate the ______ impact of development.
Performance zoning requires developers to mitigate the ______ impact of development.
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Incentive zoning allows projects to exceed standard requirements if they provide benefits to the local ______.
Incentive zoning allows projects to exceed standard requirements if they provide benefits to the local ______.
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Form-Based zoning emphasizes the ______, design, and placement of buildings.
Form-Based zoning emphasizes the ______, design, and placement of buildings.
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Zoning attempts to separate contradictory socio-economic activities ______ from other land uses.
Zoning attempts to separate contradictory socio-economic activities ______ from other land uses.
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Communities that implement form-based zoning believe that the arrangement of buildings defines the community's ______.
Communities that implement form-based zoning believe that the arrangement of buildings defines the community's ______.
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The concept and practice of zoning is thoroughly ancient, dating back over 1800 years before Christ in ______.
The concept and practice of zoning is thoroughly ancient, dating back over 1800 years before Christ in ______.
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During the time of Christ, Emperor Augustus ______ imposed height limits on Roman buildings.
During the time of Christ, Emperor Augustus ______ imposed height limits on Roman buildings.
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In 1669, ______ also established height limits for buildings similar to those in Rome.
In 1669, ______ also established height limits for buildings similar to those in Rome.
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New York City is credited with the first comprehensive set of zoning ______ that applied to the entire city.
New York City is credited with the first comprehensive set of zoning ______ that applied to the entire city.
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Without zoning, residential property owners could face plummeting property ______ if negative externalities moved in next door.
Without zoning, residential property owners could face plummeting property ______ if negative externalities moved in next door.
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The rationale for zoning includes dividing municipalities into zones for residential, commercial, and ______ properties.
The rationale for zoning includes dividing municipalities into zones for residential, commercial, and ______ properties.
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Progressive zoning is often justified as a necessary response to challenges that arise from the laissez faire theory of ______.
Progressive zoning is often justified as a necessary response to challenges that arise from the laissez faire theory of ______.
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In the United States, the notable exception to zoning practices is found in ______, where zoning was rejected by voters.
In the United States, the notable exception to zoning practices is found in ______, where zoning was rejected by voters.
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Planning is a preconceived instrument for arranging the use and allocation of land for competing uses in order to attain optimal, maximum and efficient land use for the ______ of the community.
Planning is a preconceived instrument for arranging the use and allocation of land for competing uses in order to attain optimal, maximum and efficient land use for the ______ of the community.
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Restrictively, planning can be defined as a system of regulatory zoning restrictions on the general rights of the landowner to use and develop his land based on preconceived socio-economic patterns of a given ______.
Restrictively, planning can be defined as a system of regulatory zoning restrictions on the general rights of the landowner to use and develop his land based on preconceived socio-economic patterns of a given ______.
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The basic ideology of planning is the regulation of development and control of the use of land for the benefit of a community as a whole in a ______ way.
The basic ideology of planning is the regulation of development and control of the use of land for the benefit of a community as a whole in a ______ way.
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The purpose of town planning is to provide a quality living environment, facilitating economic development and promoting health, safety, convenience and general ______ of the community.
The purpose of town planning is to provide a quality living environment, facilitating economic development and promoting health, safety, convenience and general ______ of the community.
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The objective of physical planning is to achieve an organized environment that avoids environmental problems and makes land available to prospective users at reasonable ______.
The objective of physical planning is to achieve an organized environment that avoids environmental problems and makes land available to prospective users at reasonable ______.
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Planning is directed at the future, learning from the past and trying to preserve its strengths and ______.
Planning is directed at the future, learning from the past and trying to preserve its strengths and ______.
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The overall objectives of planning law is to restrict the use to which an individual may put his land in the overall interest and ______ of society.
The overall objectives of planning law is to restrict the use to which an individual may put his land in the overall interest and ______ of society.
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Zoning is the division of a city or town by legislative regulation into districts, prescribing and applying regulations related to structural and architectural designs of buildings, as well as the ______ to which buildings may be put.
Zoning is the division of a city or town by legislative regulation into districts, prescribing and applying regulations related to structural and architectural designs of buildings, as well as the ______ to which buildings may be put.
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Land and its resources must be efficiently managed and efficiency requires that all planning should have regard to the best economic use to which ______ can be put.
Land and its resources must be efficiently managed and efficiency requires that all planning should have regard to the best economic use to which ______ can be put.
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Zoning in urban neighborhoods is not merely for protecting the market values of individual properties, but rather is a device that protects a neighborhood from ______ by land uses inconsistent with its character.
Zoning in urban neighborhoods is not merely for protecting the market values of individual properties, but rather is a device that protects a neighborhood from ______ by land uses inconsistent with its character.
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Its appeal lies in the fact that it allows homeowners to protect all the value we place in a home, including the consumer ______ that lies above and beyond the market price of the home.
Its appeal lies in the fact that it allows homeowners to protect all the value we place in a home, including the consumer ______ that lies above and beyond the market price of the home.
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Most of the critics of zoning fall into four broad categories, two concern fairness or equity and the other two are based on considerations of economic ______.
Most of the critics of zoning fall into four broad categories, two concern fairness or equity and the other two are based on considerations of economic ______.
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Some critics contend that zoning is fundamentally unfair because it grants special privileges to some property owners at the expense of ______ including principally those owners who wish to develop their properties.
Some critics contend that zoning is fundamentally unfair because it grants special privileges to some property owners at the expense of ______ including principally those owners who wish to develop their properties.
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Zoning is also criticized as being exclusionary because it is ______ in nature.
Zoning is also criticized as being exclusionary because it is ______ in nature.
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It is argued that zoning adds unnecessary transaction ______ to development cost outlay.
It is argued that zoning adds unnecessary transaction ______ to development cost outlay.
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However most proponents of this argument concede that some form of local land use ______ is necessary to control the negative effects of some types of land uses.
However most proponents of this argument concede that some form of local land use ______ is necessary to control the negative effects of some types of land uses.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Environmental and Land-Use Planning
- Land is the foundation of life, providing shelter, food, and employment.
- Human existence, growth, and development are inextricably linked to land.
- Land is a crucial resource for individuals and society due to its limited supply, fixed geographical position and its importance to human existence.
- Land use planning is crucial for the efficient and equitable use of land resources.
Planning Philosophy and Policy
- Land use planning is essential due to the inelasticity of land supply and competing needs.
- Planning is defined as the art and science of controlling land use and building placement to achieve economy, convenience, and beauty.
- The goal of planning is to achieve optimal, maximum, and efficient land use for the entire community.
- Zoning is a key tool in physical planning to achieve this goal. Zoning is a plan that divides a town into different areas for different uses, like residential, commercial, and industrial.
Concept of Zoning
- Zoning is the division of land into specific districts (like residential, industrial, or commercial) with regulations about building design and usage within each district.
- Zoning is based on the principle of separating differing types of land-use based on their needs and requirements.
- The goal of zoning is to regulate land use for the benefit of the community, promote proper land usage to mitigate negative impacts.
Types of Zoning
- Euclidean Zoning: This type of zoning divides land into different districts and has specific guidelines for development activity in each district.
- Performance Zoning: This type of zoning uses performance standards for development projects to ensure they meet a certain environmental criteria.
- Incentive Zoning: This approach allows for deviations from strict zoning rules if developers provide specific community benefits, such as parks, affordable housing, or public transportation.
- Form-Based Zoning: This newer approach focuses on the form, scale, design, and placement of buildings in relation to streets and other public spaces to enhance the community's physical character.
History and Evolution of Zoning
- Zoning is an ancient practice, dating back more than 1800 years.
- Ancient civilizations, like the Egyptians, used zoning principles for residential districts, workforce housing and storage.
- Modern zoning regulations developed through various historical periods including the height limits imposed by Roman emperors and London in the 17th century, the development of comprehensive zoning ordinances that encompass the entire city.
Philosophical Justification of Zoning
- Zoning is justified from different perspectives by theorists
- Zoning aims to control and allocate land use for economic and societal welfare.
- Various theories, including economic, property, psychological, and technological, have been proposed to justify zoning.
Criticism of Zoning
- Zoning is criticized for being exclusionary and unfair to some landowners or groups of people.
- Zoning is criticized for its high transaction costs.
- The critics argue that zoning distorts the natural allocation of land use and hinders economic innovation and the natural pleasures of city life.
Modern Zoning and Future Development
- Zoning systems should be developed with a focus on social cohesion, particularly to minimize social inequalities; and to take the needs of the overall community into account (including age, sex, religion, income).
- Zoning aims for effective and innovative solutions to advance community development.
- Properly applied zoning can reduce the negative impacts in urban areas, including traffic congestion; carbon monoxide emissions; and promote sustainable development.
- Administrative corruption is a weakness of zoning systems, but this can be addressed through transparency and modern technology.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of environmental and land-use planning, emphasizing the relationship between land and human existence. This quiz covers essential concepts such as planning philosophy, policy, and the importance of zoning for effective land use. Test your knowledge on how to achieve efficient and equitable use of land resources.
