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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a biotic component of the environment?
Which of the following is NOT considered a biotic component of the environment?
Decomposers transform complex organic matter into simpler substances that can be absorbed by plants.
Decomposers transform complex organic matter into simpler substances that can be absorbed by plants.
True
What type of nutrition do plants primarily use?
What type of nutrition do plants primarily use?
Autotrophic
Organisms that obtain food from dead and decaying material are called ______.
Organisms that obtain food from dead and decaying material are called ______.
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Which of the following is an example of an abiotic component?
Which of the following is an example of an abiotic component?
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Match the following trophic levels with their descriptions:
Match the following trophic levels with their descriptions:
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All bacteria are considered heterotrophic organisms.
All bacteria are considered heterotrophic organisms.
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What is the main role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
What is the main role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
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What is the primary purpose of the pyramid of numbers?
What is the primary purpose of the pyramid of numbers?
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The pyramid of energy can be in an inverted shape.
The pyramid of energy can be in an inverted shape.
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What percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next in a food chain?
What percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next in a food chain?
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Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it __________ from one form to another.
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it __________ from one form to another.
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Match the pyramids with their characteristics:
Match the pyramids with their characteristics:
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Which statement about ecosystems is correct?
Which statement about ecosystems is correct?
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Food webs show a linear relationship of organisms based on who eats whom.
Food webs show a linear relationship of organisms based on who eats whom.
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What defines a food chain?
What defines a food chain?
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What is pollution primarily caused by?
What is pollution primarily caused by?
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The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
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Name one natural source of air pollution.
Name one natural source of air pollution.
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Biodegradable waste is derived from ______ or ______.
Biodegradable waste is derived from ______ or ______.
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Match the following types of pollution with their sources:
Match the following types of pollution with their sources:
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Which of the following is NOT a step in garbage management?
Which of the following is NOT a step in garbage management?
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CFCs have a positive effect on the ozone layer.
CFCs have a positive effect on the ozone layer.
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What is biodegradation?
What is biodegradation?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Environment
- Environment encompasses the surroundings of an organism, including both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) factors.
- This chapter explores the components of the environment, their interactions, and how human activities influence it.
Ecosystems
- An ecosystem comprises all biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors interacting within a specific area.
- Biotic factors include plants, animals, microorganisms, and humans. Abiotic factors include sunlight, temperature, air, wind, rainfall, soil, and minerals.
- Examples of ecosystems include pond ecosystems and grassland ecosystems.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
- Biotic factors : Living organisms within the ecosystem.
- Abiotic factors : Non-living chemical and physical components, such as soil, air, water, temperature, sunlight.
Trophic Levels
- Trophic levels represent the different feeding positions (or levels) in an ecosystem’s food web.
- Producers (T1): Organisms that make their own food (plants).
- Primary Consumers (Herbivores - T2): Organisms that eat producers.
- Secondary Consumers (Primary Carnivores - T2): Organisms that eat primary consumers.
- Tertiary Consumers (Secondary Carnivores - T3): Organisms that eat secondary consumers.
- Quaternary Consumers (Tertiary Carnivores - T4): Organisms that eat tertiary consumers.
- Decomposers: Break down organic matter and release nutrients.
Mode of Nutrition
- Two types of nutrition exist in living organisms:
- Autotrophic: Organisms that make their own food (plants, some bacteria).
- Heterotrophic: Organisms that obtain food from other organisms (animals, fungi, some bacteria)
Saprophytes and Decomposers
- Saprophytes: Organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter (fungi, some microorganisms). They absorb nutrients from the decaying matter.
- Decomposers: Organisms that break down complex organic matter into simpler substances, releasing nutrients back into the soil (bacteria, worms, slugs).
Food Chains and Food Webs
-
Food Chain: A linear sequence of organisms in which each organism feeds on the one below it.
- Example: Producer -> Primary Consumer -> Secondary Consumer.
-
Food Web: Interconnected food chains showing multiple feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
- More complex than food chains, showing who eats whom.
Pollution
- Pollution involves the introduction of harmful substances (pollutants) into the environment.
- Types include air, water, soil, and noise pollution, often stemming from natural causes or human activities.
- Ozone layer depletion is a concern due to human-made chemicals (CFCs) reacting with ozone molecules in the atmosphere.
Waste Disposal
- Methods of waste disposal include landfills, incineration, waste compaction, biogas generation, composting, and vermicomposting.
Biodegradable Waste
- Biodegradable waste originates from plant or animal sources. It's decomposed by natural processes.
Biodegradation
- Biodegradation is the decomposition of waste or garbage by living organisms.
Pyramid of Trophic Levels
- Pyramid of numbers: Represents the number of organisms at each tropic level.
- Pyramid of biomass: Shows the total biomass of organisms at each tropic level.
- Pyramid of energy: Always upright, showing the flow of energy from one level to the next. Only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.
- The pyramids depict the flow of energy and biomass through trophic levels.
Law of Conservation of Energy
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form.
- In biological systems, energy gets transferred from one organism to another.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of environment, ecosystems, and the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. Explore the roles of various organisms and understand the significance of trophic levels in ecological systems. Test your knowledge on how human activities impact these components.
