Introduction to Engineering

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Questions and Answers

What is considered the most important aspect of an engineer's role?

  • Safety of the public (correct)
  • High efficiency
  • Innovative design
  • Low operating costs

Which of the following is NOT one of the traditional engineering majors listed?

  • Civil Engineering
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nuclear Engineering (correct)

Which engineering discipline primarily focuses on infrastructure and buildings?

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Architectural Engineering (correct)
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Mechanical Engineering

What does low operating and maintenance costs imply for engineering solutions?

<p>Reduced long-term expenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which engineering field would most likely deal with pollution and natural resources?

<p>Environmental Engineering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of an engineer?

<p>To use scientific knowledge to solve practical problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles is NOT typically associated with an engineer?

<p>Administrative assistant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the engineering hierarchy described, who is at the top of the pyramid?

<p>Engineers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is essential for an engineer apart from their technical knowledge?

<p>Leadership within engineering teams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an engineering technologist in the engineering hierarchy?

<p>They play a supporting role to engineers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of products designed to make life easier?

<p>Improving convenience and efficiency in daily tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do inventions contribute to the welfare of society?

<p>By providing useful tools and resources for the community (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents a consequence of innovations designed to enhance convenience?

<p>Enhanced connectivity and improved daily life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of focusing solely on making life easier through inventions?

<p>Dependence on technology for simple tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can products that aim to enhance convenience affect social interactions?

<p>They can discourage face-to-face communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time period was gunpowder perfected?

<p>A.D. 1--1000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What industries continued to grow between 1000 and 1400?

<p>Silk and glass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following developments occurred first in the provided timeline?

<p>The perfection of gunpowder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material is commonly used for firefighters' clothing?

<p>Rayon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the period A.D. 1--1000 in terms of technology?

<p>Gunpowder was invented. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following items can be made from sisal?

<p>Rope and twine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rayon primarily derived from?

<p>Vegetable matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the developments between A.D. 1--1400?

<p>Silk and glass industries thrived during the latter period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT typically made from rayon?

<p>Rope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property makes sisal a favorable material for certain applications?

<p>It is easy to grow and hardy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix represents a factor of 10⁶?

<p>mega (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the prefix that represents one billion?

<p>G (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which derived unit is expressed in terms of meters and kilograms per second squared?

<p>newton meter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the derived unit for dynamic viscosity?

<p>pascal second (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the unit for heat flux density?

<p>W/m² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the derived unit for specific heat capacity?

<p>joule per kilogram kelvin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix corresponds to a factor of 10⁻³?

<p>milli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct derived unit for entropy?

<p>J/kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which derived unit measures electric field strength?

<p>volt per meter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unit is used to express radiant intensity?

<p>W/(m²·sr) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In SI units, how is the moment of force expressed?

<p>N·m (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix denotes one quintillion in the SI system?

<p>exa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors represents yocto?

<p>10⁻²⁴ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which derived unit is used for measuring catalytic activity concentration?

<p>kat/m³ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Engineer Definition

A person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.

Engineer Roles

Engineers are designers, decision-makers, innovators, and team leaders.

Engineer Hierarchy

Engineer is superior to engineering technologists.

Engineer vs. Engineering Tech

Engineers are more qualified than engineering technologists.

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Engineer Skills

Engineers use problem-solving, decision-making, and innovation skills.

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Engineering Technicians

Professionals who assist engineers in design, development, and testing of engineering projects.

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Engineering Majors

Different areas of study in engineering.

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Electrical Engineering

Study of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.

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Mechanical Engineering

Deals with machines, mechanics, and their applications.

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Importance of Engineers

Engineers improve public safety and reduce operating/maintenance costs.

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New Inventions

New creations that aim to simplify common tasks or solve everyday problems.

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Products for Ease

Items designed to make daily life more convenient and efficient.

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Community Benefit

The positive impact that something has on a group of people.

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Welfare of Society

The well-being and prosperity of people in a community.

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Useful Things

Items that provide practical value and solve real-world problems.

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Gunpowder Perfected

The invention and refinement of gunpowder occurred during the period from A.D. 1 to 1000.

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Silk and Glass Industries

The silk and glass industries continued to experience growth between A.D. 1000 and 1400.

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Rayon

A type of fiber made from wood pulp, cotton linters, or other plant materials.

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Regenerated Cellulosic Fibers

Fibers created by chemically processing natural cellulose, primarily from plants, into a new form.

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What are Rayon's raw materials?

Rayon is derived from wood pulp, cotton linters, or other vegetable matter.

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用途

Rayon is used in various types of clothing, industrial textiles, and household items.

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Key property of Rayon?

Rayon exhibits good moisture absorption and is generally comfortable to wear.

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SI Unit Prefixes

Symbols representing powers of 10 used to scale units, making numbers easier to write and read.

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Yotta (Y)

The largest SI prefix, representing 10²⁴, a number with 25 digits.

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Zepto (z)

Represents 10⁻²¹, incredibly small, a decimal with 21 zeros after the decimal point.

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Derived SI Units

Units formed by combining base SI units, expressing various physical quantities.

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Dynamic Viscosity

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, expressed in Pascals per second.

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Moment of Force

The turning effect of a force, measured in Newton meters.

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Surface Tension

The force per unit length acting along the surface of a liquid, measured in Newtons per meter.

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Angular Velocity

The rate of change of an object's angle, measured in radians per second.

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Fibers

Tiny lattice parts in the tissues of plants, animals, or any substance.

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Heat Flux Density

The amount of heat energy flowing per unit area per unit time, measured in Watts per square meter.

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Heat Capacity

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Kelvin, measured in Joules per Kelvin.

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Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Kelvin, measured in Joules per kilogram Kelvin.

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Electric Field Strength

The force experienced by a unit charge placed in an electric field, measured in Volts per meter.

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Electric Charge Density

The amount of electric charge per unit volume, measured in Coulombs per cubic meter.

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Permeability

A measure of a material's ability to support the formation of a magnetic field, measured in Henrys per meter.

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Study Notes

Lecture 1

  • An engineer is a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems
  • Key roles of an engineer include: designer, decision maker, innovator, and leader of an engineering team
  • Different levels of engineers exist in a hierarchy: engineer, engineering technologists, engineering technicians, and craftsmen

Engineering Majors

  • Traditional engineering majors include: Electrical, Mechanical, Civil Engineering, Architectural, Chemical, Construction, Environmental, and Computer Engineering.

Value of Engineering

  • Safety of the public is a priority
  • Low operating and maintenance costs are desirable
  • Products that make life easier are valuable
  • Welfare of society is important
  • Communication to link people is essential
  • Infrastructure development is crucial

Foundations of Engineering

  • Aerospace, Electrical, Chemical, Petroleum, Civil, Mechanical, Ocean, Environmental, Agricultural

Pioneers in Engineering

  • Imhotep, William Gilbert, Thomas Newcomen, George Cayley
  • Alan Emtaje

Lecture 2

  • Time periods and developments (1200 BC - 1825)

Lecture 3

  • There are seven base units of SI (International System of Units)
  • SI base units include: Length (meter), Mass (kilogram), Time (second), Electric current (ampere), Thermodynamic temperature (kelvin), Amount of substance (mole), Luminous intensity (candela)
  • Cubit, Hand, Foot measurements and conversions

Lecture 4

  • Fibers are tiny parts of plant or animal tissues
  • Natural fibers are from natural sources (cotton, silk, wool, linen, jute)
  • Manufactured fibers are artificial or man-made (rayon, acetate, bamboo)
  • Properties and uses of various fibers

Lecture 5

  • Textile craft is one of the oldest technologies, invented by the ancient Egyptians
  • Types of fabrics include woven, knitted, and non-woven
  • History of weaving, including wooden hand looms

Lecture 6

  • Different types of weaving machines: projectile loom, rapier loom, air jet loom
  • Circular weaving machine, full garment flat knitting machine
  • Warp-knitting, non-woven fabrics, and their properties and main applications

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