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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a hormone that diffuses locally to act on a different cell type?

  • Exocrine
  • Autocrine
  • Paracrine (correct)
  • Endocrine

    • Which type of hormone signaling involves the release of neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions?

  • Endocrine
  • Synaptic (correct)
  • Paracrine
  • Exocrine

    • In which type of hormone transmission is the bloodstream the main mode of transportation?

  • Synaptic
  • Paracrine
  • Autocrine
  • Endocrine (correct)

    • Which type of hormone communication involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream to act on distant target cells?

    <p>Endocrine transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Introduction to Endocrinology lecture?

    <p>The coordination of body functions via chemical messengers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In endocrinology, what is the significance of identifying major endocrine glands and their hormones?

    <p>Recognizing the glands responsible for hormone production and their associated hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the objectives when comparing down-regulation and up-regulation of hormone receptors?

    <p>Exploring how cells regulate their responsiveness to hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to compare the chemical structures and implications of the three main classes of hormones in endocrinology?

    <p>To understand the variety and functions of different hormone types in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone secretion is characterized by simple negative feedback?

    <p>Hormone secretion from a primary target gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary according to negative feedback mechanisms?

    <p>Hormones controlled by hypothalamic factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are typically controlled by hypothalamic factors?

    <p>Anterior pituitary hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a single blood sample considered less useful than stimulation tests for hormone secretion?

    <p>To measure rhythmic patterns of secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a role of Active COX-1 in the body?

    <p>Maintaining gastrointestinal epithelium integrity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Leukotrienes in allergic responses and inflammation?

    <p>Attracting neutrophils and eosinophils to inflammatory sites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with PGD2 and PGF2α causing bronchoconstriction?

    <p>Asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do glucocorticoids impact leukotrienes production?

    <p>Inhibit their production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone receptors are lipid-soluble and interact with receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus?

    <p>Intracellular hormone receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does down-regulation of hormone receptors have on a target tissue's responsiveness to the hormone?

    <p>Decreases responsiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is commonly used by second messengers to change cellular activity by phosphorylating target proteins?

    <p>Kinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which second messenger is produced by membrane-bound enzyme phospholipase C and causes Ca++ release from ER stores?

    <p>IP3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do G protein-linked hormone receptors alter cellular activity?

    <p>Open or close ion channels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type acts as or with enzymes when activated and directly initiates cascades of phosphorylation reactions within the cell?

    <p>Enzyme-linked hormone receptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Diacylglycerol (DAG) in cellular responses?

    <p>Activates protein kinase C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does up-regulation of hormone receptors affect the target tissue's sensitivity?

    <p>Increases sensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of activating gene transcription through receptor tyrosine kinases?

    <p>Increased protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leukotrienes are involved in allergic responses, but not in inflammation.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokines produced by immune system cells never cross the blood-brain barrier.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucocorticoids increase the activity of phospholipase A2, leading to increased leukotriene production.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prostaglandins released from damaged tissues directly inhibit the activation of nociceptors.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokines produced by immune system cells play a role in resetting the body's temperature control center.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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