16 Questions
What is a hormone?
A chemical messenger secreted into the blood to act upon distant target tissue(s) elsewhere in the body.
How are hormones grouped according to their biochemistry?
They can be derived from amino acids, peptides, or steroids, which will influence their mode of action and time frame.
Give an example of a hormone derived from amino acids and its function.
Adrenaline, derived from tyrosine, is involved in the body's 'fight or flight' response.
What are endocrine glands, and how do they differ from exocrine glands?
Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood, while exocrine glands secrete hormones onto an epithelial surface via a duct.
What is the function of melatonin, and from which amino acid is it derived?
Melatonin is involved in circadian rhythms and sleep, and it is derived from tryptophan.
Give an example of a hormone derived from peptides and its function.
Growth hormone, composed of 200 amino acids, is involved in growth and metabolism.
What is the difference between true endocrine signaling and neuroendocrine signaling?
The nature of the cell which makes the hormone (nerve cell)
Which gland in the brain secretes many hormones and is considered part of the endocrine system's control center?
Hypothalamus
What are the two sections of the adrenal glands and what hormones do they produce?
Cortex (steroid hormones: cortisol, aldosterone) and medulla (catecholamines)
What are the main hormones produced by the pancreas in its endocrine role?
Insulin and glucagon
Which gland secretes melatonin and is involved in biological rhythms?
Pineal gland
What is the role of the parathyroid hormone?
Important for calcium regulation and bone physiology
What are the two types of hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
T3, T4 (metabolism), and calcitonin (calcium regulation and bone)
Which organs are responsible for the production of steroid hormones?
Ovaries, testes, and adrenal cortex
What is the role of the placenta in the endocrine system?
Hormones involved in fetal and maternal development
What is the role of adipose tissue and the GI tract in the endocrine system?
They secrete hormones involved in energy balance and metabolism
Test your knowledge about hormones, chemical messengers secreted into the blood to act upon distant target tissues, and their biochemical classification. Explore how hormones are grouped according to their biochemistry and their specific receptor-mediated mechanisms in target tissues.
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