Intro to endocrinology 1

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What is a hormone?

A chemical messenger secreted into the blood to act upon distant target tissue(s) elsewhere in the body.

How are hormones grouped according to their biochemistry?

They can be derived from amino acids, peptides, or steroids, which will influence their mode of action and time frame.

Give an example of a hormone derived from amino acids and its function.

Adrenaline, derived from tyrosine, is involved in the body's 'fight or flight' response.

What are endocrine glands, and how do they differ from exocrine glands?

Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood, while exocrine glands secrete hormones onto an epithelial surface via a duct. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of melatonin, and from which amino acid is it derived?

Melatonin is involved in circadian rhythms and sleep, and it is derived from tryptophan. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a hormone derived from peptides and its function.

Growth hormone, composed of 200 amino acids, is involved in growth and metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between true endocrine signaling and neuroendocrine signaling?

The nature of the cell which makes the hormone (nerve cell) Signup and view all the answers

Which gland in the brain secretes many hormones and is considered part of the endocrine system's control center?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What are the two sections of the adrenal glands and what hormones do they produce?

Cortex (steroid hormones: cortisol, aldosterone) and medulla (catecholamines) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main hormones produced by the pancreas in its endocrine role?

Insulin and glucagon Signup and view all the answers

Which gland secretes melatonin and is involved in biological rhythms?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the parathyroid hormone?

Important for calcium regulation and bone physiology Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of hormones produced by the thyroid gland?

T3, T4 (metabolism), and calcitonin (calcium regulation and bone) Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are responsible for the production of steroid hormones?

Ovaries, testes, and adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the placenta in the endocrine system?

Hormones involved in fetal and maternal development Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of adipose tissue and the GI tract in the endocrine system?

They secrete hormones involved in energy balance and metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Intro to endocrinology 1

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