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According to the provided content, what does the acronym S.A.F.E. stand for?
According to the provided content, what does the acronym S.A.F.E. stand for?
What is the primary goal of design?
What is the primary goal of design?
What does the term 'functional' refer to in design?
What does the term 'functional' refer to in design?
What is the primary consideration of an economical design?
What is the primary consideration of an economical design?
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What is the purpose of design processes?
What is the purpose of design processes?
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What is the role of iteration in design processes?
What is the role of iteration in design processes?
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What is the primary consideration of an appropriate design?
What is the primary consideration of an appropriate design?
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What is the main characteristic of a simple design?
What is the main characteristic of a simple design?
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What is the purpose of the 'evaluate' step in design processes?
What is the purpose of the 'evaluate' step in design processes?
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What is the primary role of the 'describe' step in design processes?
What is the primary role of the 'describe' step in design processes?
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What is the main characteristic of design processes?
What is the main characteristic of design processes?
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What is brainstorming?
What is brainstorming?
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Match the following design stages with their descriptions:
Match the following design stages with their descriptions:
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What does evaluating mean in the design process?
What does evaluating mean in the design process?
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What is information?
What is information?
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Designers have not contributed to the quality of life in early societies.
Designers have not contributed to the quality of life in early societies.
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Match the following fields of design with their descriptions:
Match the following fields of design with their descriptions:
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What is the method used to communicate called?
What is the method used to communicate called?
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The receiver must easily understand the message in effective communication.
The receiver must easily understand the message in effective communication.
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What should you do before operating a machine in a workshop?
What should you do before operating a machine in a workshop?
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You can use electrical tools or power leads that are damaged.
You can use electrical tools or power leads that are damaged.
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Who should be present in the room when operating a machine?
Who should be present in the room when operating a machine?
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You can play or fool around in the workshop.
You can play or fool around in the workshop.
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Match the following electrical safety practices with their descriptions:
Match the following electrical safety practices with their descriptions:
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You should wear ______________________ when using tools and machines requiring eye protection.
You should wear ______________________ when using tools and machines requiring eye protection.
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You can use out of date electrical tools or power leads.
You can use out of date electrical tools or power leads.
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Match the following formulas with their descriptions:
Match the following formulas with their descriptions:
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What should you do before operating a machine in a workshop?
What should you do before operating a machine in a workshop?
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What is the purpose of the firestick farming technique used by Australian Aborigines?
What is the purpose of the firestick farming technique used by Australian Aborigines?
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What are the two basic kinds of control systems?
What are the two basic kinds of control systems?
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Match the following Australian Aboriginal engineered systems with their descriptions:
Match the following Australian Aboriginal engineered systems with their descriptions:
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Control systems are designed to produce desired _______________ (output) from an action (input) by controls (process).
Control systems are designed to produce desired _______________ (output) from an action (input) by controls (process).
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What is one of the potential negative impacts of mineral, oil and gas extraction on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders?
What is one of the potential negative impacts of mineral, oil and gas extraction on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders?
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What is a potential positive impact of Industry 4.0 on the wider community?
What is a potential positive impact of Industry 4.0 on the wider community?
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What is a concern associated with the negative impacts of Industry 4.0 on the wider community?
What is a concern associated with the negative impacts of Industry 4.0 on the wider community?
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What is the purpose of agreements like the one between Argyle Diamonds and the Miriuwung, Gidja, Malgnin and Woolah peoples?
What is the purpose of agreements like the one between Argyle Diamonds and the Miriuwung, Gidja, Malgnin and Woolah peoples?
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What can be done remotely due to Industry 4.0?
What can be done remotely due to Industry 4.0?
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The input stage of an automatic electronic control system uses sensors to detect changes in temperature.
The input stage of an automatic electronic control system uses sensors to detect changes in temperature.
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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC's) are used in automated production lines, machinery, and robots because they are more rugged and reliable than computer software.
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC's) are used in automated production lines, machinery, and robots because they are more rugged and reliable than computer software.
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What is the purpose of input sensors in a control system?
What is the purpose of input sensors in a control system?
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Prototyping has been replaced by computer simulation and Rapid Prototyping.
Prototyping has been replaced by computer simulation and Rapid Prototyping.
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What is the purpose of simulation in systems?
What is the purpose of simulation in systems?
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Match the following with their descriptions:
Match the following with their descriptions:
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What is the function of a drive system?
What is the function of a drive system?
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Match the following components with their descriptions:
Match the following components with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
What is Design?
- Design is a way of finding a solution to a challenge.
Factors Influencing Design
- The acronym S.A.F.E. helps to remember important factors influencing good design.
- S - Simple designs are long-lasting.
- A - A design must be appropriate in terms of aesthetics, cultural acceptance, and its impact on society and the environment.
- F - A design must be functional and achieve its intended purpose.
- E - A design must be economical, with a reasonable working life and minimal resource usage.
Design Processes
- Design processes involve a sequence of organized steps to provide a solution to design challenges.
- Design processes can take from seconds to years, involve one or many people, and can be simple or complex.
- Design processes involve evaluation and iteration throughout the process.
- The general design process follows eight steps, using the acronym D.E.S.I.G.N.E.D.
D.E.S.I.G.N.E.D. Design Process
- D - Describe the challenge.
- E - Establish ideas after research.
- S - Select an idea.
- I - Investigate the idea by testing, experimenting, and researching.
- G - Go or stop with the selected idea.
- N - New design - manufacture begins.
- E - Evaluation - a final assessment of the completed project.
- D - Done - the completion of the design process.
What is Design?
- Design is a way of finding a solution to a challenge
- Simple designs are long-lasting
Factors that Influence Design
- S.A.F.E. acronym helps remember important factors:
- S: Simple
- A: Appropriate
- F: Functional
- E: Economical
Simple Design
- A design that is easy to understand and use
- Long-lasting designs are considered simple
Appropriate Design
- A design that is aesthetically pleasing and culturally acceptable
- Consideration of the design's impact on society and the environment
Functional Design
- A design that achieves its intended purpose
- Example: A roadside sign that is easily understood by people traveling at normal speed
Economical Design
- A design that has a reasonable working life and uses minimal resources
- Consideration of resources used during manufacture, use, and disposal
Design Processes
- Involve a sequence of organized steps to solve design challenges
- May take seconds, minutes, or years to complete
- May involve one person or many people
- May be simple or complex
- Involve evaluation and iteration throughout the process
D.E.S.I.G.N.E.D. Design Process
- 8 steps to solve design challenges:
- D: Describe the challenge
- E: Establish ideas after research
- S: Select an idea
- I: Investigate the idea through testing and research
- G: Go or stop with the selected idea
- N: New design - manufacture begins
- E: Evaluation - a final assessment of the completed project
- D: Final delivery or deployment of the design
Creativity and Design Process
- Brainstorming, writing down good ideas, and talking to people are essential steps in achieving good ideas
- Researching through libraries, internet, and conducting research helps in generating creative solutions
- Sketching ideas and using mind maps can aid in developing creative solutions
- Try using ideation to develop innovative solutions
Managing and Making Quality Projects
- Managing involves planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating projects
- Building a bridge project involves managing the bridge design and making (constructing) the bridge
- Success of all design projects depends on effective planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating
Research
- Research is the process of gathering information to gain knowledge
- Research methods include recording past experiences and gathering information
Evaluating
- Evaluating means to determine the value and appropriateness of something
- Evaluation occurs throughout all stages of the design process
- Evaluation involves determining what questions to ask, assessing all possible solutions, determining the best method, and assessing the final design product
Information and Communication
- Information is the collection of facts and data that becomes knowledge when remembered and understood.
- Communication is the exchange of information between individuals or groups.
Methods of Communication
- There are five methods of communicating information:
- Printed Information
- Computers
- Voice & Hearing
- Sight
- Broadcast
Principles of Effective Communication
- The sender must provide a clear and unambiguous message.
- The method used to send the message should not reduce the clarity of the message.
- The receiver must easily understand the message.
The Work of Designers
- Designers have contributed to the quality of life in early societies through developments such as:
- Using bone as a digging implement
- Using animal skins for clothing
- Inventing the wheel for transport
- Building bridges to cross rivers
- Designing boats for fishing
Fields of Design
- There are 11 fields of design:
- Architecture
- Engineering
- Fashion Design
- Graphic Design
- Industrial (& Product) Design
- Interior Design
- Jewellery Design
- Landscape Architecture
- Set Design
- Textile Design
- Theatrical Costume Design
Designers' Contribution to Quality of Life
- Designers have contributed to the quality of life in society, and without them, society as we know it today would not exist.
- An example of a design that would impact life greatly if it no longer existed is to be considered by the individual.
Responsible and Ethical Design
- A responsible design is one that will not harm the user, other people, or the environment.
- An ethical design supports the accepted values, beliefs, and customs of society.
Ethical Considerations
- Privacy
- Public Acceptance of Designs
- Ownership of Designs
- Advertising and Marketing of the Design
- Ethics in Research & Testing
- Designs involving Genetic Engineering
- Exploitation during the Making of Design Products
- Financial Mismanagement if Design Projects
Designing Sustainable Products & Solutions
- Resources are categorized into:
- Hardware
- Software
- Essentialware
- Wetware
Work Health & Safety
- The law in NSW regarding the safety for people in the workplace is called the “Work Health & Safety Act 2011” (WHS).
- The WHS aims to encourage persons conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) and workers to maintain, monitor, and improve the health, safety, and welfare of everyone in the workplace.
- The WHS requires PCBUs to consult with workers on matters affecting their health, safety, and welfare.
- There are three options for doing this: WHS Committees (HSC), WHS Representatives (HSRs), and Other agreed arrangements.
Hazard Identification
- A ‘hazard’ is something that could harm people, such as:
- Scrap materials left on the floor
- Machines that could throw particles into the eyes of the user
- Sharp tools
- Hot materials, machines, and tools
- Chemicals
- Cutting machines
- When a health or safety hazard has been identified, removing or controlling the hazard should be a priority in the WHS program.
Controlling Risks in the Workplace
- Where it is not reasonably practicable for the risk to be eliminated, the PCBU must minimize risks implemented in a series of steps.
Emergency Procedures
- Know the location and how to use the fire extinguisher, fire blanket, first aid box, and emergency stop buttons for machinery.
- Learn evacuation procedures.
- Get help as soon as possible and report all accidents, even if they seem minor.
Personal Safety
- Always wear safe clothing, such as an apron and solid shoes.
- Avoid loose clothing, jewelry, or long hair that is not covered or tied back.
- Avoid working in unventilated areas and wash your hands when finished.
Safe Practices
- Always listen to instructions.
- Do not play or fool around in the workshop.
- Keep the work area clean and tidy.
- Always use tools for the correct purpose and only after being shown how to correctly use them by your teacher.
Machine Safety
- Never use a machine if you have not been shown how to operate it by your teacher.
- Do not operate machines without a teacher present in the room.
- Make sure all machine guards are in place before switching on the machine.
- Only the operator is to be in the machine safety zone when operating the machine.
- Use workshop safety glasses when using tools and machines requiring eye protection.
Electrical Safety
- Keep the power lead away from the work area.
- Check that the machine switch is off before switching on at the power point.
- Do not use electrical tools or power leads that are damaged.
- All plug-in electrical tools and electrical leads must be inspected, tested, and tagged every 12 months in schools and 3 months on a construction worksite.
- Do not use out-of-date electrical tools or power leads.
- Report all damaged electrical equipment immediately.
Getting Started with Google Sheets
- Create a new Google Sheets file in a shared folder and name it 'Production and Design Folio'.
- Ensure proficiency in navigating the spreadsheet.
Formulas and Functions
- Basic arithmetic operations: Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide
- Median, Min, Max, Count, Counta, Average functions
- Conditional functions: If, Ifs, Iferror
- Data analysis functions: Countif, Sumif, Vlookup
- Filter function and Current Date/Time function
Creating an Interactive Chart
- Add a new sheet to the spreadsheet and rename it to 'Creating an Interactive Chart'.
- Learn to create an infographic to visually represent data using the new sheet.
- Example data: Enhanced Media Metrics Australia report on young Australians' eating habits
- Key finding: 60% of Australians aged 14-29 eat fast food at least once a month, compared to the national average of 45%.
Engineered Systems
- Engineered systems involve the design and production of sustainable systems, machines, and structures that consider force, motion, energy, and material properties.
- The selection of resources for engineered systems involves considering factors such as hardware, software, essentialware, and wetware.
Resources
- Resources include hardware (physical equipment), software (knowledge), essentialware (time, finances, energy), and wetware (human creativity).
- An engineering system combines components to provide a pre-planned and useful function.
Materials
- Materials are substances used to design and produce engineered systems.
- Criteria for selecting materials include:
- Awareness of the range of materials
- Quality of the material
- Financial cost
- Renewable and recyclable resources
- Durability
- Environmental impact
- Ease of use and waste management
Tools
- Tools are implements that assist in performing tasks and can be machines.
- Designers and producers must consider the characteristics and functions of tools.
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people developed tools for specific purposes.
Ethics
- Ethics involve moral principles that judge good or bad and right or wrong.
- Designers must consider current and future trends, patriotism, multiculturalism, and profitability.
Profitability
- Profitability is the ability of an enterprise to produce a return on investment.
- Profitability is important in commercial design and technology projects because it resources further research and development.
Sustainability
- Sustainability involves the intelligent use of renewable resources to minimize depletion of natural resources.
Impact of Industry 4.0 on Societies
- Positive impacts include new products and services, increased efficiency, and remote work capabilities.
- Negative impacts include inequality and job displacement.
Transportation
- Australian Indigenous People used canoes as their main form of transport and developed engineered systems such as water bags and firestick farming.
Control Technologies
- Control Technologies involve systems that produce desired outcomes from an action by controls.
- There are two basic kinds of control systems: open-loop systems and closed-loop systems.
- Examples of control systems include open-looped systems (e.g., a tap) and closed-looped systems (e.g., a toilet's cistern).
Industry 4.0
- Industry 4.0 refers to the current trend of automation and data transfer in design and technologies.
- It involves the development of smart and autonomous digital systems that produce smart machines that learn from data and algorithms without human intervention.
History of Industrial Revolutions
- The 1st Industrial Revolution (18th century) introduced mechanization, steam, and water power.
- The 2nd Industrial Revolution brought mass production and the assembly line.
- The 3rd Industrial Revolution introduced computers and automation.
Examples of Industry 4.0
- SAM (Semi-Automated Mason) is a robot that lays bricks three times faster than humans without errors or fatigue.
- Drones are used for crop spraying, planting, aerial imaging, remote monitoring, and analysis of fields and crops, increasing productivity and profitability for farmers.
- Immobots are immobile robots that think for themselves and operate machines without human intervention, used in NASA's Deep Space One mission.
Impact of Industry 4.0 on Societies
- Industry 4.0 requires raw materials, which can impact Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders through environmental damage, loss of culture, livelihoods, and health.
- Extractive industries can cause conflict, forced displacement, and further marginalization for Indigenous communities.
- Agreements like the one between Argyle Diamonds and local Indigenous peoples recognize the latter as landlords and establish a long-term relationship.
Positive and Negative Impacts of Industry 4.0
- Positive impacts: new products and services, increased efficiency, and remote capabilities.
- Negative impacts: inequality, widening wealth gap between innovators and laborers, and conflicting interests.
Mechanical Control Components
- Drive systems connect an energy source to a rotating output shaft and can change direction, velocity, and torque.
- Levers, pulleys, and gears change direction, distance, speed, and effort to move a load.
- Cams convert rotary motion to reciprocating motion.
- Crank and slider mechanisms convert rotary motion to reciprocating motion and vice versa.
- Screw threads actuate linear motion from rotary motion and are used in airplane flaps, car jacks, and robotic screw actuators.
- Hydraulic and pneumatic actuators produce linear and rotary motion from control signals using high-pressure liquids and gases.
Electrical Control Components
- Switches are mechanical devices that make or break connections to turn power on or off.
- Electric motors are actuators that use electrical signals to turn a driveshaft.
- Stepper motors are special DC motors that move in small, accurate steps and are used in photocopiers, printers, and industrial robots.
- Solenoids produce linear motion from an electric current and are used in valves, door locks, and dispensing machines.
Electronic Control Components
- Automatic electronic control systems have four stages: input, process, output, and feedback.
- The input stage uses data and sensors to detect light, temperature, position, and moisture.
- The process stage contains an electronic device that responds to sensor signals, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU).
- Examples of processors include Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Integrated Circuit Cards (ICCs).
- The output stage contains components that take action, such as lights, buzzers, and motors.
Mechatronic Control Components
- Mechatronics combines mechanical, electronic, and software engineering to design and manufacture modern products.
- Examples include braking control systems in cars, cameras, and medical devices.
- Mechatronic design involves a joint study of mechanical, electrical, and software engineering.
Programming Language
- Software is written in programming languages that enable a processor to operate.
- Many programming languages exist, but non-procedural languages are often used for machines and robots.
- Examples of programming languages include LabVIEW, C, and Pascal.
- Lego Robolab Software is derived from NASA's robotic exploration software.
Connecting Interdependent Devices
- Interdependent devices in a control system communicate with each other to achieve required outputs.
- Examples include the Lego Mindstorms EV3 package, which uses input sensors to command motor and light outputs.
- The Codrone drone uses infrared, gyroscopic, and barometric sensors and connects to a computer via Bluetooth.
Modelling, Simulating, and Prototyping Systems
- Modelling represents a real-world system, while simulation uses that model to test and predict outcomes.
- Computers are used for modelling and simulation due to their processing power and accuracy.
- Simulation is used to model dangerous, impractical, or expensive systems, such as aircraft flight simulators.
- Prototyping involves building a three-dimensional model to evaluate and refine a design.
- Rapid prototyping and 3D printing have replaced traditional prototype model making.
- Additive Manufacturing uses 3D printers to create working machine parts on demand.
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