Introduction to Databases and Information Systems

It grants administrators complete autonomy to define and manage crucial data.

Data elements and indexes.

It stores the creator, number of rows and columns, and creation date.

<p>A set of commands used to define and manipulate the structure of a database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By specifying constraints that ensure the accuracy and validity of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They specify the structure and attributes of each table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applications defined for database access, such as reports and SQL queries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stores relationship types, such as whether they are mandatory or optional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To organize data into rows and columns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A unique identifier for each record in a table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create a relationship between two tables by referencing the primary key of another table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each record in Table A can relate to multiple records in Table B, but each record in Table B relates to only one record in Table A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage inefficiency and the risk of data inconsistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A primary key that consists of two or more fields combined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data is a collection of meaningless facts, while information is data that has been processed and interpreted to provide context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An operation that combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A database is a collection of related data, while an information system is an organized system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Records in both tables can relate to multiple records in the other table; for example, students and courses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing data involves analyzing and interpreting it to form judgments and conclusions, turning it into meaningful information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spreadsheets are primarily used to display and model data in a tabular format, whereas databases are used to store and retrieve data without modeling it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Databases provide a structured way to store data, making it easier to retrieve and manipulate information efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Databases allow multiple users to access and update a centralized source of correct customer information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four components are task, people, structure (or roles), and technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Databases help efficiently organize, store, and retrieve data necessary for various organizational operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data matching is primarily used to compare multiple datasets to find matches or duplicates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data mining analyzes a single large dataset to uncover patterns, while data matching focuses on finding duplicates across multiple datasets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third-party access may be necessary for criminal investigations, medical emergencies, or regulatory compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A data warehouse is a centralized repository designed to store and manage large volumes of data from various sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data warehousing allows for efficient data analysis, improved business intelligence, and historical data storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ETL, which stands for Extract, Transform, Load, is crucial for cleaning, preparing, and organizing data for integration into a data warehouse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predictive modeling uses statistical techniques to forecast future outcomes based on historical data patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Link analysis is used to identify relationships and connections between entities in data to uncover insights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A table is in 1NF when each cell contains a single atomic value, there are no repeating groups, all entries in a column are of the same type, and each record has a unique identifier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A table must be in 1NF and have all non-key attributes fully dependent on the primary key with no partial dependencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To be in 3NF, a table must be in 2NF and have no transitive dependencies, meaning all fields must depend directly on the primary key.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data independence means each piece of data is stored in only one place, allowing for easier updates without data duplication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A normalized database reduces unnecessary data duplication while allowing for controlled redundancy through foreign keys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logical data organization reflects the natural relationships between entities, making the database structure intuitive and easier to comprehend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A unique identifier ensures that each record in a database table can be easily distinguished from others, which is crucial for data integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Durability ensures that once a transaction has completed execution, updates to the database are stored permanently in non-volatile memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partial dependencies occur when a non-key attribute depends only on part of a composite key rather than the whole key.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACID properties maintain data integrity by ensuring that changes to the database are permanent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A disadvantage is that ACID properties can introduce performance overhead due to additional processing requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Query functions are used to retrieve data from the database and allow users to search for specific data or subsets that meet certain criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Update functions are used to modify existing data within the database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACID properties help manage multiple concurrent transactions by preventing interference between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACID properties may cause scalability issues in large distributed systems with many concurrent transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recovery features ensure that in case of failure or crash, the system can recover data up to the point of the failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data is raw facts; information is interpreted data providing context.

A formal system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information.

A collection of logically related data designed for organization and retrieval.

Databases are components; information systems use databases to present data.

Primarily used to list data in tables, facilitating manipulation through functions.

Databases store and retrieve data; spreadsheets model and display data.

Databases facilitate data organization, making it easier to store, retrieve, and manage data.

Databases enable sharing accurate information related to customers and clients.

Ensures data is permanently stored post-transaction, even after a system failure.

Set of properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensuring reliable database transactions.

ACID property that maintains accurate and consistent data after transactions.

Ensures all database changes are permanent and not lost through ACID properties.

Manages multiple concurrent transactions in a database without interference.

ACID property that allows a system to revert to the last stable state after a crash.

Retrieve specific data from the database, allowing analysis and reporting.

Modify existing data within a database, such as adding or deleting entries.

A database that allows full control over crucial data without a standard format.

Descriptions of data including names, types, formats, and validation rules.

Details about a table like creator, number of rows/columns, and creation date.

Stored information about database indexes, including names and properties.

Applications and queries stored for database access and reporting.

Types of connections between data, indicating if they are mandatory or optional.

Commands used to define and manage the structure of a database.

Using DDL constraints to ensure accurate and consistent data in a database.

A table is in 1NF if each cell has a single value, no repeating groups, all entries in a column are of the same type, and each record has a unique identifier.

A table is in 2NF if it's in 1NF and all non-key attributes are fully dependent on the primary key, with no partial dependencies.

A table is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and there are no transitive dependencies; all fields depend solely on the primary key.

Data independence means each piece of data is stored in exactly one place, facilitating easier updates.

A normalized database minimizes unnecessary data duplication, maintaining controlled redundancy through foreign keys.

Data is organized to reflect natural relationships, making the structure more intuitive and easier to comprehend.

Occurs when a non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute instead of the primary key.

A unique identifier for each record in a table, ensuring data integrity and preventing duplications.

Law enforcement interrogates databases for evidence in crimes.

Medics access databases to retrieve patients' medical records swiftly.

Compares datasets to identify duplicates and matches.

Analyzes large datasets to discover patterns and relationships.

Matching finds duplicates; mining explores patterns within data.

Databases that represent data as objects for complex data management.

Central repository that stores integrated data from multiple sources.

Extract, Transform, Load processes crucial for populating a data warehouse.

The basic structure in a relational database that organizes data into rows and columns.

A single entry in a table that contains a complete set of information.

A single piece of information within a record.

A field that creates a relationship between two tables by referencing the primary key of another table.

Each record in Table A can relate to multiple records in Table B, but not vice versa.

Records in both tables can relate to multiple records in the other table, requiring an intermediate junction table.

Occurs when the same information is stored in multiple places, risking inefficiencies and inconsistency.