Section 2: Cyber Security and Crimes

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Questions and Answers

What best describes the Internet?

A series of connections between various devices (correct)

A software application for browsing

A physical location where data is stored

A single network run by one organization

Which statement accurately defines an ISP?

A type of malware that disrupts network traffic

An organization that establishes connections to the internet (correct)

A protocol that manages data transmission

A device that secures internet connections

How should one visualize the Internet based on the content?

As a vast ocean of data

As a centralized server control

As a massive set of highways for data (correct)

As a cloud storing information

What role does an ISP play in the context of the Internet?

It facilitates the connection to send and receive data Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a function of an ISP?

Managing the content that users access online Signup and view all the answers

What is required before any data can be sent or received over the Internet?

An internet service provider connection Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the structure that allows devices to communicate over the Internet?

Network Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an Indicator of Compromise (IOC)?

To gather evidence that indicates a network's security has been compromised Signup and view all the answers

How does an Indicator of Attack (IOA) differ from an IOC?

IOA focuses on the intent of attackers, while IOC focuses on the evidence of a breach Signup and view all the answers

Which type of threats are primarily difficult to detect using IOC-based detection?

Malware-free intrusions and zero-day exploits Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method for collecting IOCs?

Gathering data after suspicious incidents or unusual network activity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the functionality of red teaming tools used by Twitch's internal security teams?

They prepare security teams against potential cyberattacks through simulated scenarios Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a router in a network?

To direct traffic to the correct destination. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about IP addresses is correct?

IP addresses are used to identify devices across different networks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an IP address and a MAC address?

IP addresses enable traffic routing, while MAC addresses are used for local communication. Signup and view all the answers

What format is used for an IP address?

4 sets of numbers ranging from 0-255. Signup and view all the answers

How does a router determine which IP address belongs to which device?

By dynamically providing IP addresses upon connection. Signup and view all the answers

What character set is used for a MAC address?

Numbers from 0-9 and letters from A-F. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a MAC address?

It serves as a unique identifier given by the manufacturer. Signup and view all the answers

Which function does not align with the purpose of IP addresses?

Providing a fixed location for every device. Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential characteristic of MAC addresses?

They are unique to each individual device. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a DNS server?

Translates domain names to IP addresses Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes servers?

Servers provide services to client programs. Signup and view all the answers

How does the router identify the specific device to send data to?

By using the device's IP address Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a WLAN?

Utilizes wireless mediums for communication Signup and view all the answers

When discussing server types, which phrase is most accurate?

Servers can run on computers alongside client programs Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception might users have regarding accessing the internet?

They may believe servers are hardware-only. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'client programs' refer to?

Software that provides services to other software Signup and view all the answers

What would occur if a DNS server was not available?

Websites could be accessed using only IP addresses. Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT attributed to a router?

Translating domain names to IP addresses Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the internet, which scenario depicts the role of servers effectively?

A program requesting data from another program running on a different machine. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the range of modern WiFi networks?

WiFi networks are limited to a maximum range of 20 meters. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a WiFi network from others in terms of identification?

The network’s SSID or its displayed name. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cyber-crime?

Illegal activities involving a computer or network-connected device. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential motive behind cyber-crimes?

Commercial espionage. Signup and view all the answers

Who can be affected by cyber-crime?

Individuals, businesses, and public services alike. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cyber-crime is specifically aimed at inducing fear and panic?

Cyber-terrorism. Signup and view all the answers

What preventive action is suggested against cyber-crimes?

Securing your personal and financial information like a physical home. Signup and view all the answers

Why are computers considered integral to modern life?

They manage both personal and professional aspects of life. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding cyber-crime?

It is less serious than traditional crime. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor in identifying WiFi networks?

Device operating system. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Section 2: Introduction to Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes

This section introduces cyber security and cyber crimes.
Topics covered include:
- Introduction to cyber security and basic terminology
- Common cyber security threats
- Cyber criminals
- Famous attacks

Introduction to Cyber Security and Basic Terminology

The internet is a network of connections between devices (computers, phones, servers).
An ISP (Internet Service Provider) establishes connections to the internet.
Routers direct internet traffic. They route messages to the correct recipient.
Routers don't know the recipient's email address or computer name.
Each device on a network is identified by a name, mostly comprised of numbers (IP address).
IP address is how devices communicate online.
A MAC address is a unique identifier for a device, given by its manufacturer.
MAC addresses are used inside a local network (LAN), while IP addresses are used across networks.
Servers are computer programs that provide services to other programs (clients).
Websites are examples of services provided by servers.
DNS servers translate domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses.

WLAN and WiFi

WLAN stands for Wireless Local Area Network.
WLANs link devices wirelessly.
WLANs serve the same function as wired networks (sharing data and internet).
WiFi is a common WLAN protocol.
WiFi uses the IEEE 802.11 protocol.
WiFi networks have a unique name (SSID).

Cyber Crimes

Cybercrimes are similar to traditional theft (robbery), but involve computers and networks.
Cybercriminals have various motivations, including profit, espionage, and political goals.
Anyone is vulnerable to cybercrime.

Cyber Crimes - Subcategories

Fraud and financial crimes
Cyber terrorism
Hacktivism
Cyber extortion
Cyber warfare
Crimes targeting computers
Crimes using computers to target individuals
Cyber intrusions
Cyber criminals can be individuals or organized groups

Cyber Crimes - Unique Characteristics

Financial profit is a major motivation (easy to execute, hard to trace).
Cybercrimes can be executed from other countries (legal complexity).
Hacking tools are readily available online.

Cyber Crime Examples

Nigerian scams: Pretending to be in need to get money.
Ransomware: Blocking access to data until a ransom is paid.
Online shaming: Collecting information and blackmailing.
Identity theft: Assuming a fake identity to gain money.
Phishing: Masquerading as a legitimate business to get login credentials.

Famous Attacks

Data breaches exposing personal data of millions of people (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn).

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Description

This quiz covers the essentials of cyber security and cyber crimes, focusing on basic terminology and common threats. Learn about different types of cyber criminals and famous cyber attacks that have impacted the digital world. Test your knowledge and understand the fundamental concepts of protecting information online.