Section 2: Cyber Security and Crimes

A vast network connecting devices like computers, phones, and servers. It's like a highway for information traveling from one device to another.

An organization that provides access to the internet. They act like the 'gatekeepers' to the online world.

A collection of interconnected devices that can communicate and share information. Like a group of people talking to each other over a network.

The process of sending data from one device to another over the internet.

A unique address assigned to a device connected to the internet. It's how data knows where to go.

A unique name that translates to an IP address. It's how we remember websites easily.

A software program that runs on your computer and allows you to access the internet. It's like the gateway to the online world.

A device that acts as a traffic director in a network, ensuring data packets reach their intended destinations.

A unique identifier for a device that connects to a network, comprised of 12 digits (numbers 0-9 or letters A-F).

Every device on a network has a unique name. These names are used to identify the devices online.

It's the main method used to communicate with devices online. Its numbers are in four parts, each between 0 and 255.

They're internal to a local network (LAN), while IP addresses are used for communication across networks.

The manufacturer assigns the MAC address to the device during production.It stays with the device throughout its lifespan.

A temporary set of numbers given by a router to a device when it joins a network.

It allows the router to correctly identify which computer or email address belongs to your recipient.

A program that provides services to other programs called client programs. Think of them as services that make the internet work.

A system that translates domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses, making it easier for us to access websites.

A wireless network that allows devices to connect without cables, commonly used at home or in workplaces.

The process by which data is sent from one device to another, typically over the internet.

Evidence found on a computer that suggests a network's security has been compromised.

Data collected after a suspected security breach, scheduled checks, or unusual network activity.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) are used to detect suspicious files and quarantine them, making the network's security tools 'smarter'.

While IOCs focus on detecting compromised systems, IOAs focus on understanding the attacker's intentions and the goals they are trying to achieve.

IOAs are a proactive approach that analyzes attack patterns and techniques, unlike IOCs that focus on detecting signs of compromise. They are needed to combat evolving malware and zero-day exploits.

A technology for connecting electronic devices wirelessly, often using the IEEE 802.11 standard.

A unique name that identifies a WiFi network, making it visible to other devices.

Any illegal activity involving a computer or network, often for financial gain, espionage, or even terror.

The motives behind cybercrimes vary, with profit, espionage, and politics being common.

A type of cybercrime aimed at causing fear and disruption, often through attacks on infrastructure or services.

Cybercrime is a global threat, impacting individuals, businesses, and even national security.

Modern WLANs (wireless local area networks) are typically based on this protocol.

A range of up to 20 meters is typical for WiFi connectivity.

A parameter like SSID is used to distinguish between different WiFi networks.

Computers have become essential in all aspects of life, making them targets for cyberattacks.