Introduction to Cyber Security and Cybercrime
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What is a common trait of unsolicited loan or investment offers from scammers?

  • They usually come from trusted financial institutions.
  • They ask for verification of accounts via official emails.
  • They always require a large amount of personal information upfront.
  • They promise guaranteed returns with no risk. (correct)

During which period do scammers frequently pose as Medicare representatives?

  • Winter holidays.
  • Tax season.
  • Medicare open enrollment season. (correct)
  • Summer vacation.

What is the primary method used by scammers to reach older adults?

  • Text messages.
  • Social media ads.
  • Phone calls. (correct)
  • Email campaigns.

What does industrial espionage primarily involve?

<p>The unethical stealing of trade secrets for competitive advantage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is industrial spying often conducted?

<p>By insiders or employees specifically hired for that purpose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding hackers?

<p>They write or utilize programs to target specific computers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these scenarios could be a sign of a Medicare or Social Security scam?

<p>A call threatening suspension of benefits unless immediate payment is made. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice does industrial espionage differ from?

<p>Government sanctioned monitoring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a social engineer?

<p>To gain sensitive information or unauthorized access (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique refers to direct observation to obtain information?

<p>Shoulder Surfing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a reason why Maria provided the password over the phone?

<p>She felt embarrassed to keep asking questions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of social engineering involves person-to-person interaction?

<p>Human-Based Social Engineering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is an example of dumpster diving?

<p>Searching through discarded documents for sensitive information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological trait do social engineers often exploit?

<p>Trust and desire to be helpful (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Natasha's example, how did she gain access to the building?

<p>By being recognized by the security guard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is shoulder surfing effective in crowded environments?

<p>People are more likely to ignore nearby observers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a Trojan in computer sabotage?

<p>It pretends to be a legitimate program to deceive users. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of an email bombing attack?

<p>To overwhelm a target email address with duplicate messages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a man-in-the-middle attack, which of the following describes what the attacker does?

<p>Positions themselves in the communication flow to eavesdrop or impersonate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a method of computer sabotage?

<p>Sending phishing emails disguised as legitimate messages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of attack uses a botnet to overwhelm email addresses?

<p>Email bombing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'back door' in the context of computer sabotage?

<p>An unauthorized method to bypass security and access systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consequence can result from data being intercepted in a man-in-the-middle attack?

<p>Personal information can be stolen for various illegal purposes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a denial of service attack affect a target?

<p>It makes a website or service temporarily unavailable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a proxy server?

<p>To hide the IP address of client systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an inside attack?

<p>An attack conducted by a trusted internal user (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tool is an anonymizer considered to be?

<p>A tool for making internet activity untraceable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves examining gathered information to identify vulnerabilities?

<p>Scanning and Scrutinizing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about a DoS (Denial of Service) attack?

<p>It aims to make a system or network resource unavailable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SQL injection primarily target?

<p>Web applications that use a database (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a keylogger?

<p>To capture keystrokes from a user’s keyboard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes steganography?

<p>The practice of hiding a message within another medium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a strong password?

<p>A long password that is random or difficult to guess. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method attackers use to compromise passwords?

<p>Conducting a brute force attack. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a DDoS attack from a DoS attack?

<p>DDoS attacks originate from multiple sources compared to DoS attacks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a suggested way to protect against DoS attacks?

<p>Keeping all network services active. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during a buffer overflow?

<p>Data attempts to be stored beyond the boundaries of a fixed-length storage buffer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

SQL injection targets which part of an application?

<p>The database layer of an application. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a brute force attack?

<p>It involves systematically trying many combinations of characters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an attacker’s goal in a DoS attack?

<p>To consume network resources and disrupt service. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mobile workers primarily remain in a single location for their work?

<p>Tethered/Remote Workers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of sniffing in wireless networks?

<p>Interception of wireless data on an unsecured network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of a Man in the Middle attack?

<p>Observing or modifying communication between two parties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which security measure should be taken to secure a wireless network?

<p>Upgrade router's firmware regularly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of computer forensics?

<p>Creating new software for data analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of attack involves an attacker creating a network with a stronger signal and a copied SSID?

<p>Spoofing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When working with computer forensics, what is a primary purpose of preserving and interpreting computer media?

<p>To gather evidence for legal proceedings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which setting should be modified to enhance the security of a wireless network?

<p>Change default router settings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Vishing

A type of phone scam where criminals use phone calls to trick people into giving up personal information.

Unsolicited loan/investment offers (vishing scam)

Scammers make seemingly attractive loan or investment offers, often requiring upfront fees. These are usually too good to be true.

Medicare/Social Security scams

Criminals posing as Medicare or Social Security representatives to obtain sensitive financial information, like bank account details or Medicare numbers.

Industrial Espionage

The theft of a competitor's trade secrets for gain.

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Hacking

Using computer programs to attack a target computer.

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Social Engineering

Using deception to gain sensitive information or unauthorized access by building trust with an insider.

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Social Engineering Goal

To trick someone into providing valuable information or access to it.

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Social Engineering Studies

Understanding human behavior to exploit helpfulness, trust, and fear of trouble.

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Human-Based Social Engineering

Using person-to-person interaction to gather information.

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Shoulder Surfing

Directly observing someone to gain information.

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Security Breaches

Actions taken by someone against company security and policies.

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Telecommunication/Internet Methods

Means social engineers use to target company security policies.

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Proxy Server

A computer that acts as an intermediary for network connections, hiding the client's IP address.

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Anonymizer

A tool making internet activity untraceable by hiding user information.

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Inside Attack

An attack from someone within a network's security perimeter, often an insider with more access.

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Outside Attack

An attack from someone outside an organization's security perimeter, often via internet or remote access.

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Reconnaissance

Investigating a target to find vulnerabilities.

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Scanning and Scrutinizing

Examining gathered information to confirm its validity and identify existing vulnerabilities.

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Phishing

A way of tricking people into giving up personal information.

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Computer Sabotage

Deliberately harming computer systems or data.

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Virus

A program that can replicate and spread itself.

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Worm

A self-replicating program that spreads through networks.

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Trojan

A program that hides malicious intent.

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Spam

Unwanted electronic messages.

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Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack

Overloading a system to make it unusable.

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Back Door

Secret access point to a computer system.

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Data Corruption

Damaged or unusable data.

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Ransomware

Malware that blocks access until a ransom is paid.

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Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack

Interception of communication between two parties.

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E-mail Bombing

Flooding an email account with messages.

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Strong Password

A password that is long, random, and difficult to guess.

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Brute-Force Attack

Trying to guess a password by trying many possible combinations.

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Password Hash

Encrypted form in which passwords are stored.

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DoS Attack

Overloads a network or device, making it unavailable to legitimate users.

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DDoS Attack

A DoS attack from multiple sources, often using a botnet.

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Buffer Overflow

A security vulnerability where data exceeds the allocated storage space, potentially crashing the system or allowing malicious code execution.

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SQL Injection

Exploiting a security vulnerability in a database application by injecting malicious SQL code.

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Tethered/Remote Worker

An employee who generally works from a single location.

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Roaming User

Employee working in multiple locations.

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Sniffing (Wireless)

Intercepting wireless data on an unsecured network to gather information.

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SSID

A network name used in Wi-Fi.

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MAC Address

Unique hardware address of a device.

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Spoofing (Wireless)

Creating a fake wireless network with a stronger signal and copied SSID.

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Man-in-the-Middle Attack

Attacker inserting a computer between two communicating parties.

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DoS Attack

Denial-of-Service attack; overwhelming a system with requests.

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Wireless Network Security

Protecting wireless networks from unauthorized access.

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Computer Forensics

Preserving, examining computer evidence for legal or investigative purposes.

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Computer Forensics Methods

Techniques for discovering, recovering, and monitoring data on a computer.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Cyber Security and Cybercrime

  • Cybercrime is any illegal activity involving a computer directly and significantly.
  • It is any illegal behavior that uses electronic operations to target the security of computer systems and the data they process.
  • Cybercrime can involve using a computer and the internet to steal a person's identity or disrupt operations with malicious programs.
  • It includes any unlawful activity done through the internet or on a computer, along with any criminal activity performed using computers, the internet, cyberspace, and the WWW.

Types of Cybercriminals

  • Type I: Cybercriminals driven by recognition
  • Hobby hackers
  • IT professionals
  • Politically motivated hackers
  • Terrorist organizations
  • Type II: Cybercriminals not driven by recognition
  • Psychologically perverse individuals
  • Financially motivated hackers
  • Type III: Insiders
  • Disgruntled or former employees seeking revenge
  • Competing companies using employees to gain an economic advantage through damage and/or sabotage

Cybercrime and Information Security

  • The Indian Information Technology Act (ITA) 2000 focuses on information security, now updated as ITA 2008.
  • Cybersecurity is about protecting information, equipment, devices, computer resources, and communication devices from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction.

Cybercrime Activities

  • Credit card fraud: Financial crime involving unauthorized use of credit card details.
  • Cyberstalking: Harassment or stalking through online channels such as social media, forums or email, usually planned over time.
  • Defamation: Damaging someone's reputation online.
  • Unauthorized access: Gaining entry to computer systems without permission.
  • Child pornography: Illegal online distribution of child sexual abuse material.
  • Copyright infringement: Ignoring copyright protections for software or other intellectual property.
  • Software piracy: Unauthorized copying of software.
  • Identity theft: Stealing someone's identity to perform fraudulent activities.
  • Email spoofing: A deceptive email that appears to come from one source but actually originates from another. This is a method used for spam and phishing.
  • Spamming: The unethical or unlawful bulk sending of unsolicited communications.
  • Cyberdefamation: Damaging someone's reputation by disseminating false or harmful statements online, as per IPC Section 499.
  • Internet Time theft: Unauthorized use of someone else's internet connection, usually by gaining access to their user ID and password.
  • Data diddling: Altering raw data before processing to perform illegal operations, typically without being noticed, making it hard to track.
  • Forgery: Documents are altered using sophisticated computers, printers, and scanners. This leads to fraudulent activities.
  • Vishing: Social engineering by phone, aiming to obtain sensitive information like passwords or bank details. This includes receiving calls with false claims to compromise accounts or need for updates.
  • Fake mail: Unsolicited email from false or fake sources.
  • Industrial Spying/Industrial Espionage: Companies and governments utilize various methods, including the Internet, to obtain confidential information about competitors.
  • Hacking: Using computer programs to target and exploit computer systems, driven by various motives including greed, power, publicity, and revenge, or a desire for forbidden information leading to destructive aims.
  • White Hat Hacker (Ethical Hacker): Penetration testing and assessing computer systems for security vulnerabilities for the purpose of improving security, rather than causing damage.
  • Grey Hat Hacker: Violating ethical standards in hacking, but without malicious intent.
  • Black Hat Hacker: Cybercriminals who use malicious intent. Also, known as malicious hackers.
  • Online frauds (e.g., lottery scams, scratch cards, fake vouchers, travel prize scams): Deceitful approaches to secure money or other valuable information.
  • Malware (malicious software): Includes viruses, worms, trojan horses, spyware, adware, etc.
  • Virus: Malicious executable code attached to other files.
  • Worm: Self-replicating code that independently exploits vulnerabilities.
  • Trojan Horse: Malicious code disguised as legitimate software which can lead to unwanted actions.
  • Spyware: Secretly monitors user activity.
  • Adware: Advertising-supported software that delivers advertisements.
  • Rootkit: Malware designed to modify operating systems by creating backdoors for attackers.
  • Buffer overflow: Exploiting a vulnerability where a program writes data beyond intended buffers in memory, potentially causing program crashes or system compromise.
  • SQL injection: A code injection technique that exploits security vulnerabilities in database applications, typically to retrieve or manipulate data.
  • Keylogger: A device or software that records keystrokes to steal login credentials and other sensitive information.
  • Spoofing: Creating a fake identity or source to deceive users.
  • Cyberstalking: Harassing someone online through repeated threats or other forms of abuse.
  • DoS (Denial of Service) and DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks: Overwhelming a system with requests to make it unavailable.
  • Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks: Interacting as a middleman to observe or modify communications between two parties without their knowledge.
  • Identity theft: Stealing someone's personal information to commit unauthorized actions.

Cyber Security

  • Preventing, mitigating, and responding to cyber threats.
  • Setting policies to prevent or reduce risk and harm.

Cybersecurity Practices

  • Strong passwords: Unique and complex passwords.
  • Multi-factor authentication: More than one method of verification.
  • Software updates and patches: Maintaining secure systems.
  • Spam and phishing awareness: Recognizing fraudulent communications.
  • Physical Security (Laptop Safes, Motion Sensor and Alarms, Warning Labels): Protective measures against theft.
  • Firewall: A system that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

Importance of Protecting Intellectual Property

  • Copyright.
  • Trademark.
  • Patent.
  • Design registration.
  • Plant breeder's right.
  • Trade secret.

Tools and Methods in Cybercrime

  • Proxy server.
  • Anonymizer.
  • Steganography (hiding messages within other files).

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Introduction to Cyber Security and Cybercrime PDF

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of cyber security and the various types of cybercrime. Readers will learn about the illegal activities that involve computer systems and the motivations behind different types of cybercriminals. Test your knowledge on the important aspects of this pressing issue in today's digital world.

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