Introduction to Criminology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does criminology primarily study?

  • Law enforcement strategies
  • Scientific methods of law making
  • Crimes, criminals, and victims (correct)
  • Economic impacts of crime

    • Which division of criminology focuses on the creation of laws?

  • Victimology
  • Sociology of Law (correct)
  • Penology
  • Etiology of Crime

    • Who coined the term 'criminologia'?

  • Paul Topinard
  • Edwin Sutherland
  • Kalantiaw
  • Raffaele Garofalo (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the nature of criminology?

    <p>It is an applied and social science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Penology primarily addresses which aspect of crime?

    <p>The reactions toward breaking the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of criminology?

    <p>The study of crime, criminals, and societal responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT mentioned as an early law in the Philippines?

    <p>Code of Hammurabi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept describes the role of victims in the crime process?

    <p>Victimology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is classified as crime in the context provided?

    <p>An act or omission in violation of criminal law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of criminology mentioned in the content?

    <p>It is dynamic as it evolves with social conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Philippine legislative system termed 'bicameral'?

    <p>It comprises two houses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the etiology of crime study?

    <p>The breaking of laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the breaking of laws signify in a societal context?

    <p>Violation of the will of the majority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legislation is associated with the Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018?

    <p>Sec 4 (e)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law is considered the oldest law of Panay?

    <p>Maragtas Code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of public representation in lawmaking?

    <p>To enact laws that reflect societal consensus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant observation was made about the descendants of Martin Kallikak, Sr.?

    <p>Only one was found to be abnormal mentally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for crimes that are considered wrongful by nature?

    <p>Mala in se</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'mala prohibita' refer to?

    <p>Acts established by law that are wrongful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following families was traced for 75 years resulting in a large number of criminals?

    <p>Juke Family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the three essential elements for a crime to occur?

    <p>Instrumentality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many of Ada Juke's descendants were documented as criminals?

    <p>140</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether an act is classified as a crime?

    <p>The existing criminal law of a state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an ingredient necessary for crime to occur?

    <p>Motivation for gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following outcomes was reported in the Kallikak family descendants?

    <p>Several became presidents of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key areas studied within criminology?

    <p>The origin and development of criminal laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes criminal sociology?

    <p>The exploration of social conditions affecting crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, criminology is currently regarded as what?

    <p>Not a science but has future potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do criminologists study regarding sanctions?

    <p>The types of sanctions that can deter crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disciplines is included in the study of criminology?

    <p>Public administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does criminal psychiatry focus on?

    <p>The human mind in relation to criminality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is criminology defined in terms of its scientific status?

    <p>It aspires to be a science in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a frustrated crime?

    <p>The offender has committed all acts but external factors prevent the crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an attempted crime?

    <p>The offender takes substantial steps towards committing a crime but does not finish the necessary acts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of felonies fall under the category of grave felonies?

    <p>Felonies that result in heavier penalties due to their severity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a light felony?

    <p>An act punishable by arresto menor or a fine not exceeding P200.00.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a simple crime characterized by?

    <p>The crime is a single act that constitutes one offense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately represents complex crime?

    <p>A single act that constitutes multiple offenses or is necessary for committing another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of criminal law, what differentiates an offense from a felony?

    <p>Felony involves more serious punishments compared to general offenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the legal consequence of an infraction of an ordinance or misdemeanor?

    <p>It is typically punished with fines or community service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Criminology Overview

    • Coined by Raffaele Garofalo in 1885; early application of the term "criminologia."
    • Paul Topinard introduced "criminologie" in 1887.
    • Comprehensive study of crimes, criminals, and societal measures for prevention and repression.

    Historical Laws

    • Draconian Code (17th century Greece) defined harsh legal standards.
    • Codes across civilizations include:
      • Hindu Code of Manu (India)
      • Koranic laws (Islamic society)
      • Law of Moses (circa 1500-1900 B.C.)
      • Law of Twelve Tables (Roman law, 451-450 B.C.)
      • Code of Hammurabi (Babylon, 1700 B.C.)
      • Mosaic Code (Israelites around 1200 B.C.)
    • Filipino early laws include:
      • Maragtas Code (1215) - oldest law of Panay
      • Kalantiaw Code (1433) - second code of Panay

    Breaking of Laws

    • Violations reflect the will of the majority in society (Edwin Sutherland).
    • Crime defined as acts violating criminal laws made by public representation.

    Making of Laws

    • Laws emerge from public consensus; the Philippines utilizes a bicameral legislative system.
    • Legislative structure comprises two houses for law-making.

    Reaction of Society

    • Societal reactions to crime tend to be negative, primarily resulting in punishment for offenders.
    • Rare positive reactions observed; societal measures include justice enforcement.

    Nature of Criminology

    • Applied science focusing on crime, victims, and prevention strategies.
    • Social science: Crime's existence is a product of social conditions.
    • Dynamic field affected by societal changes and scientific advancements.
    • Nationalistic perspective: Crimes evaluated within context of local laws.

    Principal Divisions of Criminology

    • Sociology of Law: Examines law-making processes.
    • Etiology of Crime: Investigates causes and conditions leading to law violations.
    • Penology: Studies society's responses to crime.
    • Victimology: Focuses on the victim's role in crime dynamics.
    • Criminalistics: Utilizes scientific methods for crime detection.
    • Includes fields such as Law, Medicine, Chemistry, Psychology, Religion, Social Work, and Public Administration.
    • Each field contributes to understanding the complex interplay of crime and societal factors.

    Scope of Criminology

    • Analyzes causes and development of criminal behavior.
    • Investigates origins and evolution of criminal laws.
    • Explores factors influencing crime's emergence and societal responses.

    Crime Definition

    • Crime encompasses acts or omissions violating public laws.
    • Classifications:
      • Mala in se: Wrongs by nature.
      • Mala prohibita: Violations of societal regulations.

    Anatomy of Crime

    • Essential elements for crime occurrence:
      • Instrumentality: Means used in crime commission.
      • Opportunity: Conditions facilitating the crime.
      • Resistance to Temptation: Values influencing the offender's decision-making.

    Sub-classification of Crimes

    • Felony: Punishable act under the Revised Penal Code, involving deceit or fault.
    • Offense: Violations under special laws (e.g., RA 9165).
    • Infraction of Ordinance/Misdemeanor: Violations of municipal or city ordinances.

    Crime Attempts and Classifications

    • Frustrated Crime: All acts performed that do not result in the intended felony.
    • Attempted Crime: Initiation of criminal act without complete execution.
    • Classifying severity:
      • Simple Crime: Single offense.
      • Complex Crime: Single act resulting in multiple felonies.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the foundational concepts of criminology, including historical perspectives such as the Draconian Code and contributions from significant figures like Raffaele Garofalo. Explore the evolution of crime and laws across different cultures, including insights from the Hindu Code of Manu and Islamic teachings.

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