Introduction to Criminology Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which type of crime is committed only when a specific situation allows for its commission?

  • Instant Crime
  • Situation Crime (correct)
  • Static Crime
  • Episodic Crime

What characterizes a crime committed over a lengthy period through a series of actions?

  • Continuing Crime
  • Instant Crime
  • Static Crime
  • Episodic Crime (correct)

Which type of crime is defined by the offender being in full possession of their mental faculties?

  • Rational Crime (correct)
  • Irrational Crime
  • Blue-Collar Crime
  • Upper-World Crime

In which type of crime do offenders duplicate acts committed by others?

<p>Crime by Imitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category includes crimes like murder and robbery that serve as an index to the crime situation?

<p>Index Crimes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of crimes are characterized by being committed in various locations?

<p>Continuing Crimes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crime is associated with individuals in upper socio-economic positions conducting illicit activities?

<p>White Collar Crime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of crime is primarily motivated by emotional outbursts?

<p>Crime by Passion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do biological or physiological needs include?

<p>Food, water, and sleep (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level in Maslow's hierarchy pertains to the need for social connections?

<p>Love/Belongingness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source of frustration linked to physical limitations?

<p>Personal shortcomings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which need in Maslow's hierarchy is primarily focused on intellectual growth?

<p>Cognitive Needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes esteem needs?

<p>The motivation for achievement and respect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of anxiety is described as neurotic fear?

<p>Low-grade anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of motivation does self-actualization represent?

<p>Total human satisfaction and realization of potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a source of frustration?

<p>Financial security (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does heredity refer to in the context of behavior determinants?

<p>Genetic influences acquired from birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered the cradle of personality development?

<p>Family background (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an inadequate family structure?

<p>Inability to cope with ordinary family problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is childhood trauma defined in the context of environmental factors?

<p>Experiences affecting a child's feeling of security (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does drive reduction theory say about needs?

<p>Needs create drives prompting action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family structure is associated with the endorsement of unacceptable values?

<p>Anti-social family (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of motivation in behavior?

<p>To control the initiation and direction of behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results from an aroused state caused by biological needs?

<p>Drive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a chronic criminal from other types of criminals?

<p>They plan their crimes ahead of time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of criminal is often associated with others to commit crimes successfully?

<p>Organized Criminal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates habitual criminals to continue their criminal behavior?

<p>Deficiency of intelligence and lack of self-control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of criminal is engaged in criminal activities as a profession?

<p>Professional Criminals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recidivist defined as?

<p>Someone previously convicted of a crime at the time of their current trial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes passive inadequate criminals?

<p>Criminals motivated by external rewards or promises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of criminology, what characterizes ordinary criminals?

<p>They often turn to crime due to opportunistic circumstances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common belief regarding criminal behavior prior to the 18th century?

<p>It was seen as influenced by supernatural forces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked the end of rule by presidential decree in the Philippines?

<p>Ratification of the constitution in February 1987 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary source influenced many modern Philippine laws?

<p>United States legal system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following codes replaced the Spanish civil code in the Philippines?

<p>Civil Code effective July 1, 1950 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution to criminology did Ignacio Villamor make?

<p>Analysis of crime data from 1903 to 1908 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which president issued more than 2,000 decrees during the martial law period?

<p>Ferdinand Marcos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main focuses of Villamor's research on crime?

<p>Demographic variables of the offenders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Revised Penal Code in the Philippines was based chiefly on which prior code?

<p>Spanish penal code of 1870 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Villamor propose as a solution to crime in his work 'Crime and Moral Education'?

<p>Moral education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes acute brain disorder?

<p>Diffuse impairment of brain function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome describes the inability to remember ongoing events more than a few minutes after they have happened?

<p>Amnestic Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of chronic brain disorder?

<p>Impairment of judgment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is known as 'dementia paralytica'?

<p>General Paresis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes auditory asphasia?

<p>Loss of ability to understand spoken words (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by persistent hallucinations occurring in a fully awake state?

<p>Hallucinosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of brain disorder can lead to neurotic and psychotic behavior due to a tumor?

<p>Disorders involving brain tumor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of expressive aphasia?

<p>Loss of the ability to speak required words (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Situation Crime

Crimes committed only when circumstances allow their commission.

Episodic Crime

A series of criminal acts over a long period.

Instant Crime

Crimes committed quickly

Index Crime

Common serious crimes that reflect the overall crime rate.

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White-Collar Crime

Crimes committed by high-status people during work.

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Rational Crime

Crimes done with a purpose or plan.

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Crime Against Persons

Crimes involving violence against individuals.

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Non-Index Crime

Less common crimes, or violations of laws.

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Chronic Criminal

A criminal who plans their crimes ahead of time and commits them deliberately.

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Ordinary Criminal

Someone who commits crimes due to a sudden opportunity, not as a career choice.

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Organized Criminal

A criminal who works with others in a well-structured group to commit crimes.

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Professional Criminal

An individual who engages in criminal activity as their livelihood, using skills and experience.

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Accidental Criminal

Someone who commits a crime when the situation presents itself, without prior planning.

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Habitual Criminal

A criminal who repeatedly commits crimes due to lack of intelligence and self-control.

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Active Criminal

A criminal driven by aggression, initiating crimes.

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Socialized Delinquent

A criminal with normal outward behavior but lacking proper social development and skills.

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Philippine Legal System: 1900-1946

The Philippines adopted a legal system heavily influenced by the US, with many laws patterned after US legislation.

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Philippine Legal System: 1946-Present

After gaining independence, the Philippines continued its US-influenced legal system, but with a greater emphasis on its own traditions.

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Philippine Penal Code

Based on the Spanish penal code of 1870, it outlines crime categories, principles of criminal liability, and penalties.

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Impact of Martial Law (1972-1981)

President Marcos issued numerous decrees during this period, greatly impacting the legal system.

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Villamor's Early Work: Crime in the Philippines

Ignacio Villamor conducted groundbreaking research on crime trends and factors from 1903 to 1908, focusing on court data.

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Villamor's Focus: Crime Variables

Villamor examined factors like location, offender characteristics (sex, education), and crime categories.

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Villamor's Conclusion: Moral Education

Villamor argued for moral education as the best solution to crime, a key theme in his work.

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Villamor's Legacy: Early Philippine Criminology

Villamor's work laid the foundation for scientific criminology in the Philippines, providing valuable insights into crime trends.

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Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes. These traits can include physical characteristics, intelligence, and even some aspects of personality.

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Environmental Factors

Influences from a person's surroundings that shape their behavior. These include family, culture, and social experiences.

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Family Background

The first social environment a person experiences, influencing early development and relationships.

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Childhood Trauma

Negative experiences during childhood that can have lasting impacts on mental and emotional well-being.

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Inadequate Family

A family struggling to meet basic needs and provide a stable environment for its members.

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Anti-social Family

A family where values and behaviors are considered unacceptable by society, potentially influencing the children's development.

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Discordant Family

A family where one or both parents are unhappy or unsatisfied with the relationship, potentially creating tension.

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Disrupted Family

A family that has experienced changes like death, divorce, or separation, impacting its structure and stability.

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory proposing that humans have a hierarchy of needs, starting with basic biological needs and progressing to self-actualization. Each level must be fulfilled before moving onto the next.

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Physiological Needs

The most basic needs for survival, such as food, water, air, sleep, and shelter.

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Safety Needs

The need for security, stability, and protection from harm.

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Love and Belongingness Needs

The need for social connections, love, affection, and acceptance from others.

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Esteem Needs

The need for self-esteem, confidence, achievement, and respect from others.

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Self-Actualization

The highest level of Maslow's hierarchy, where people strive to reach their full potential and live a meaningful life.

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Frustration

The unpleasant feeling that arises when something blocks our ability to achieve our goals or desires.

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Conflict

A situation where two or more incompatible motives clash, leading to inner tension and distress.

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What is Delirium?

A severe brain impairment affecting attention, perception, memory and thinking. It's like having your mental processes scrambled, making it hard to focus, understand what's happening, and remember things.

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What is Dementia?

A decline in intellectual abilities, including learning, memory, and judgment, after the brain has fully matured. It's like gradually losing your mental sharpness.

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What is Amnestic Syndrome?

The inability to remember events that occurred just a few minutes ago. It's as if your short-term memory has vanished.

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What is Hallucinosis?

Experiencing hallucinations, perceiving things that aren't real, while fully awake. It's seeing or hearing things that aren't there.

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What is Organic Delusional Syndrome?

Developing false beliefs in a setting of brain damage. It's like having unrealistic ideas that are related to a brain injury.

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What is Affective Syndrome?

A severe mental state characterized by extreme moods like mania or depression that impacts brain function. It's like having your emotions amplified to an extreme level.

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What is Organic Personality Syndrome?

A change in someone's overall personality following brain damage. It's like your character and behavior are altered after a brain injury.

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What is General Paresis?

A brain infection caused by syphilis, leading to dementia and paralysis. It's like a serious brain disease caused by an infection.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Criminology

  • Criminology is derived from the Italian term "criminologia" coined by Raffaele Garofalo in 1885.
  • The French anthropologist Paul Topinard used the term "criminologie" in 1887.
  • Criminology is a body of knowledge regarding delinquency and crime as a social phenomenon.
  • Criminology involves the study of crime making laws, breaking laws, and reacting to law breaking.
  • It is a multidisciplinary study encompassing psychology, sociology, anthropology, biology, neurology, political science, and economics.
  • Modern definitions include analysis of crime causes, control, treatment of criminals.

Principal Divisions of Criminology

  • Sociology of Law analyzes the conditions under which criminal laws develop as a formal social control process.

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This quiz provides a comprehensive overview of criminology, its historical roots, and its multidisciplinary nature. It covers important definitions, principal divisions, and the sociological aspects that shape criminal laws. Dive into the complexities of crime as a social phenomenon and explore the various fields it intersects with.

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