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What is one key element of Hirschi's social control theory?
What is one key element of Hirschi's social control theory?
Labelling theory suggests that labels assigned to individuals have no effect on their behavior.
Labelling theory suggests that labels assigned to individuals have no effect on their behavior.
False
What criticism is often directed at Hirschi's social control theory?
What criticism is often directed at Hirschi's social control theory?
It neglects societal and contextual factors that influence crime.
Hirschi claims there are four elements to social bonds; one of these is strong __________, which fosters care for others' opinions.
Hirschi claims there are four elements to social bonds; one of these is strong __________, which fosters care for others' opinions.
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Match the elements of Hirschi's social bonds with their descriptions:
Match the elements of Hirschi's social bonds with their descriptions:
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What does labelling theory primarily focus on?
What does labelling theory primarily focus on?
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Rehabilitative approaches aim to discourage offenders from forming new social bonds.
Rehabilitative approaches aim to discourage offenders from forming new social bonds.
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According to Hirschi, what decreases the likelihood of deviant behavior?
According to Hirschi, what decreases the likelihood of deviant behavior?
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What is the main premise of Differential Association Theory?
What is the main premise of Differential Association Theory?
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Neutralization Theory suggests that criminals always act with a clear sense of morality.
Neutralization Theory suggests that criminals always act with a clear sense of morality.
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Who developed the Neutralization Theory?
Who developed the Neutralization Theory?
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The theory suggesting that crime is learned through relationships is known as __________.
The theory suggesting that crime is learned through relationships is known as __________.
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Match the techniques of Neutralization Theory with their meanings:
Match the techniques of Neutralization Theory with their meanings:
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Which of the following is NOT a technique of Neutralization Theory?
Which of the following is NOT a technique of Neutralization Theory?
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Critics of Differential Association Theory claim it does not account for personal choice in criminal behaviour.
Critics of Differential Association Theory claim it does not account for personal choice in criminal behaviour.
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Crime prevention programs can be applied based on Differential Association Theory to target at-risk __________.
Crime prevention programs can be applied based on Differential Association Theory to target at-risk __________.
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Which theory primarily argues that the criminal justice system serves the interests of the wealthy?
Which theory primarily argues that the criminal justice system serves the interests of the wealthy?
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Feminist Criminology emerged alongside the first wave of feminism.
Feminist Criminology emerged alongside the first wave of feminism.
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What is a main criticism of Marxist Theory in the context of criminology?
What is a main criticism of Marxist Theory in the context of criminology?
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Feminist criminology addresses the __________ position of women within society.
Feminist criminology addresses the __________ position of women within society.
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Match the criminological theories with their primary focus:
Match the criminological theories with their primary focus:
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What do critics say about Left Realism's focus?
What do critics say about Left Realism's focus?
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Marxist Theory primarily aims to address the individual choices behind criminality.
Marxist Theory primarily aims to address the individual choices behind criminality.
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What social movements are connected to the application of Marxist Theory?
What social movements are connected to the application of Marxist Theory?
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What change occurred regarding the legal responsibility in rape cases?
What change occurred regarding the legal responsibility in rape cases?
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The 60s Scoop involved the integration of Indigenous children into Indigenous families.
The 60s Scoop involved the integration of Indigenous children into Indigenous families.
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What was the Battered Women Defence recognized by the supreme court in?
What was the Battered Women Defence recognized by the supreme court in?
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The practice of Starlight Tours involved police abandoning Indigenous individuals in ________ temperatures.
The practice of Starlight Tours involved police abandoning Indigenous individuals in ________ temperatures.
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Match the person or incident with its description:
Match the person or incident with its description:
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What sparked outrage in Indigenous communities in the 1990s?
What sparked outrage in Indigenous communities in the 1990s?
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Gerald Stanley was convicted of second-degree murder for the death of Colten Boushie.
Gerald Stanley was convicted of second-degree murder for the death of Colten Boushie.
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What sparked an inquiry into Neil Stonechild's death?
What sparked an inquiry into Neil Stonechild's death?
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What does post-modern theory argue about crime and justice?
What does post-modern theory argue about crime and justice?
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Critics argue that postmodern criminology provides concrete solutions to address crime.
Critics argue that postmodern criminology provides concrete solutions to address crime.
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What approach focuses on legal definitions of crime and uses scientific methods?
What approach focuses on legal definitions of crime and uses scientific methods?
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Social Constructivism focuses on how certain actions or groups come to be defined as __________.
Social Constructivism focuses on how certain actions or groups come to be defined as __________.
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Match the theory with its description:
Match the theory with its description:
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What does Social Disharmony describe?
What does Social Disharmony describe?
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Social Constructivism sees corporate crime as significantly penalized compared to other crimes.
Social Constructivism sees corporate crime as significantly penalized compared to other crimes.
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What is a common criticism of the Objective-Legalist Approach?
What is a common criticism of the Objective-Legalist Approach?
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What is the Zone of Transition characterized by?
What is the Zone of Transition characterized by?
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Social disharmony uses laws to promote equality among all groups.
Social disharmony uses laws to promote equality among all groups.
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What role does media representation play in the phenomenon of serial killing?
What role does media representation play in the phenomenon of serial killing?
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The Zone of Transition often experiences both social and ________ decay.
The Zone of Transition often experiences both social and ________ decay.
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Which of the following is NOT one of Haggerty's proposed preconditions to serial killing?
Which of the following is NOT one of Haggerty's proposed preconditions to serial killing?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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In modern societies, individuals are less likely to focus on effective methods to achieve their goals.
In modern societies, individuals are less likely to focus on effective methods to achieve their goals.
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What factor contributes to marginalized groups becoming easier targets for violent acts?
What factor contributes to marginalized groups becoming easier targets for violent acts?
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Study Notes
Differential Association Theory
- Emerged in the late 19th and 20th centuries
- Argues that criminal behavior is learned from others
- Dependent on frequency, priority, duration, and intensity of relationships
- Explains white-collar crime, corporate crime
Neutralization Theory
- Developed by Sykes and Matza
- Explains how individuals suppress their morals and guilt to justify criminal behavior
- Five techniques: denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of condemners, appeal to higher loyalties
- Critiques: Doesn't explain career criminals
Social Control Theory
- Developed by Hirschi
- Explores why people refrain from crime
- Four elements of social bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement, belief.
- Strong social bonds discourage crime.
- Practiced through community programs like Neighbourhood watch
Labeling Theory
- Part of symbolic interactionism
- How individuals become labeled as deviant
- Individuals internalize labels, acting accordingly
- Criticized for overlooking pre-labeling causes
General Theory of Crime
- Developed by Hirschi and Gottfredson
- Low self-control is the primary cause of crime
- Impulsive nature of crime
- Criticized for overemphasis on self-control
Critical Criminology
- Developed in the 1960s and 1970s
- Argues that law and the criminal justice system serve the interests of the elite
- Criticizes victim blaming, harm caused to victims
- Focus on social control and power dynamics
Marxist Theory
- Emphasizes how criminal justice serves the powerful
- Criminalizes actions threatening capitalist interests
- Targets the working class while ignoring crimes of the elite.
Left Realism
- Critiques radical perspectives
- Explores relationships between crime, inequality, and social control
- Community policing and crime control
- Addresses root causes of crime (poverty, education, social exclusion)
Feminist Criminology
- Focuses on women's subordinate position in society
- Addresses female victims and offenders
- Emerged in the 60s & 70s with 2nd-wave feminism
- Critiques male-centric criminology
Myth of Neutrality
- Systems and frameworks are not objective, fair, and unbiased.
The 60s Scoop
- Forced removal of Indigenous children from families to foster homes
- Part of colonial efforts to assimilate Indigenous peoples
Starlight Tours
- Abandoment of Indigenous individuals in remote areas
- Saskatchewan police practice
Colten Boushie
- Indigenous man killed on a property
- Led to an inquiry and court case
The Centric Zone Model
- Chicago School of Sociology
- Explains crime through social and economic dynamics in urban areas
Haggerty - Modern Serial Killers
- Serial killers are a modern phenomenon
- Six preconditions: media representation, anonymity, effective methods, devaluing groups, opportunity structures, socially engineering society
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Description
Explore various sociological theories that explain criminal behavior, including Differential Association, Neutralization, Social Control, and Labeling Theory. This quiz covers the fundamentals and critiques of each theory and their implications in understanding crime in society.
