Introduction to Criminology

Questions and Answers

Which of the following penalties corresponds to less grave felonies?

Reclusion perpetua

Prision mayor

Arresto menor

Prision correccional (correct)

What is the maximum penalty amount for light felonies?

Exactly 40,000 pesos

More than 1,200,000 pesos

Between 40,000 and 1,200,000 pesos

Less than 40,000 pesos (correct)

An example of an acquisitive crime is:

Homicide

Malicious mischief

Robbery (correct)

Arson

Which type of crime is committed only when the situation is conducive?

Situational crime Signup and view all the answers

Which definition best describes an episodial crime?

A crime that occurs repeatedly over time Signup and view all the answers

What type of crime is defined as committed in full possession of sanity?

Rational crime Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crime is generally associated with upper socio-economic individuals?

White collar crime Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the killing of a parent, spouse, or child?

Parricide Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of criminology as a field of study?

Understanding crime as a social phenomenon and its causes. Signup and view all the answers

Why do some scholars argue that criminology is not a science?

Human behavior is unpredictable and varies greatly. Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'criminologia'?

Rafaelle Garofalo Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does not align with the nature of criminology?

Exclusively theoretical without practical application. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the scope of criminology?

It analyzes environmental and spatial factors impacting crime. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of criminal demography?

Examining the relationship between crime rates and population dynamics. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a criminologist according to the relevant regulations?

A graduate in criminology who has passed relevant examinations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'criminal ecology'?

It explores how crime varies across different geographic locations. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the act of killing one's own brother?

Fratricide Signup and view all the answers

Which type of homicide involves killing an infant less than 3 days old?

Infanticide Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of eldercide?

Murder of a senior citizen Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the killing of a king?

Regicide Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mass murder from serial murder?

Mass murder involves multiple victims in a single incident, while serial murder occurs over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is matricide?

Killing one's mother Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used for the act of murder committed by one’s own spouse?

Uxoricide Signup and view all the answers

What defines a criminal in the legal sense?

A person found guilty through the judicial process. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of personality does the id govern according to Freud's theory?

Instinctual drives Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, what causes delinquent and criminal behavior?

An overbearing conscience Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental belief of David Emile Durkheim regarding crime?

Crime is a normal part of society. Signup and view all the answers

What governs the actions of the ego in Freud's personality structure?

Reality principle Signup and view all the answers

In Gabriel Tarde's theory, what drives individuals to imitate others?

Frequency and intensity of contact Signup and view all the answers

How does the superego influence an individual's behavior?

By aligning actions with societal expectations Signup and view all the answers

What does Freud believe individuals carry with them that influences their future relationships?

Childhood emotional attachments Signup and view all the answers

What was a critical observation made by Durkheim regarding crime and society?

Human differences will naturally result in crime. Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the 'Father of Criminology'?

Cesare Bonesana Marchece di Beccaria Signup and view all the answers

Which principle states that individuals will make logical decisions that maximize their benefits?

Rational Choice Theory Signup and view all the answers

What does Bentham's principle of 'celebrity of punishment' refer to?

The swiftness of punishment after a crime Signup and view all the answers

In which theory is the concept of 'felicific calculus' found?

Utilitarian Ethical Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which theory proposes that free will may be affected by external factors?

Neo-Classical Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is not associated with Cesare Lombroso's theories?

Psychological Factors Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is considered the most important in the certainty of punishment according to Bentham?

How likely it is that one will be punished Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is known for introducing the biological perspective in criminology?

Cesare Lombroso Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What is Criminology?

Comprehensive knowledge concerning crime as a social phenomenon.
Encompasses law-making, law-breaking, and societal responses to crime.
Sir Edwin Hardin Sutherland introduced the international definition and is considered the dean of modern criminology.
Examines crimes, criminals, and societal efforts to manage crime.
The scientific study of crime causes in relation to individuals and society.

Is Criminology a Science?

Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey: Criminology is not yet a science, but aspires to be.
George Wilker argues against it being a science due to behavior variations.
Republic Act (RA) 11131 defines criminology as a regulated profession in the Philippines and acknowledges its scientific aspects.

Evolution of the Term "Criminology"

"Criminologia" was coined in 1885 by Italian law professor Raffelle Garofalo.
"Criminologie" was introduced in 1887 by French anthropologist Paul Topinard.

What is a Criminologist?

Criminologists develop and test theories explaining crime occurrence through observed behavior.
Defined as individuals with a criminology degree who pass an examination and are registered by the Board.

Nature of Criminology

Social Science: Crime as a societal creation, existing within social contexts.
Applied Science: Utilizes different scientific methods.
Nationalistic: Studies must relate to existing criminal laws of a specific country.
Dynamic: Criminology evolves with changing social conditions.

Scope of Criminology

Studies factors influencing criminal behavior development:
- Criminal Demography: Examines the link between crime and population dynamics.
- Criminal Epidemiology: Investigates the relationship between environment and crime.
- Criminal Ecology: Focuses on crime's spatial distribution within communities.

Classifications of Crimes

Acquisitive Crimes: Offenders gain something (e.g., theft, robbery).
Extinctive Crimes: Acts leading to destruction (e.g., arson).
Seasonal Crimes: Occur during specific times of the year.
Situational Crimes: Happen when circumstances allow.
Instant Crimes: Committed quickly.
Episodical Crimes: Occur over a long period.

Types of Criminal Offenders

White Collar Crimes: Committed by upper socio-economic classes.
Blue Collar Crimes: Involved ordinary criminals in their livelihoods.

Specific Types of Crimes

Homicide: Killing of another person.
Parricide: Killing close family (parents, spouse, children).
Infanticide: Killing an infant under three days old.
Various forms of murder with specific categorizations (e.g., matricide, fratricide).

Criminal Classifications

Acute Criminals: Impulsive, act on passion or anger.
Chronic Criminals: Repeat offenders driven by deliberation:
- Neurotic Criminals: Result from internal conflict.
- Normal Criminals: Function similarly to typical individuals, but identify with criminal patterns.

Theories in Criminology

Classical Theory: Proposed by Cesare Beccaria, emphasizing free will in crime.
Rational Choice Theory: Suggests that individuals make logical decisions for maximum satisfaction.
Utilitarian Ethical Theory: Jeremy Bentham argues that greatest happiness justifies actions and decisions.
Neo-Classical Theory: Modifies free will theory, accounting for external influencing factors.
Italian School (Positive School): Focus on biological, psychological, and sociological determinants of crime.

Historical Contributors

Cesare Lombroso: Father of criminal anthropology, introduced empirical methods to study crime (discredited ideas).
Sigmund Freud: Proposed that early emotional experiences significantly impact later behavior through the concepts of Id, Ego, and Superego.
David Emil Durkheim: Viewed crime as a normal aspect of society; it arises from human differences and social organization.
Gabriel Tarde: Introduced the Theory of Imitation, highlighting how social interactions influence criminal behavior.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of criminology, including the nature of crime as a social phenomenon. Covering theories by notable figures like Sir Edwin Sutherland, it examines the process of lawmaking, lawbreaking, and societal reactions. Ideal for students seeking to understand the foundations of criminology.