Criminology Introduction
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Questions and Answers

Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply) The primary focus of criminology as a field of study is:

  • Breaking of Laws: When an individual or group does something that goes against the rules set by the government or authority. (correct)
  • Reaction toward the breaking of laws: Punishing the offender from committing a crime. The way communities, governments, and individuals respond when laws are broken. (correct)
  • Making of laws: The process through which rules or regulations are created by governments or other authorities to guide behavior in society. (correct)

    • What is the aim in studying criminology?

  • To develop theories and principles that explain crime.
  • To prevent the occurrence of crime. (correct)
  • To understand the criminal justice system.

    • Why is studying criminology important for the profession of lawyers?

    It helps them to understand the mindset of criminals.

    What is criminology defined as?

    <p>The body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the most dangerous type of criminals?

    <p>Organized criminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of criminal etiology?

    <p>It is defined as a scientific analysis of the study of the causes or reasons for crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internal acts (such as the inception of the intention to commit a crime in the mind of a person) are punishable under the law.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are considered disciplines involved in the collection of knowledge about criminal action?

    <p>Anthropology (A), Sociology (B), Economics (C), Psychology (D), Neurology (E), Biology (F), Political Science (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three primary causes of crime according to the Positivist school of thought? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Sociological (A), Psychological (B), Biological (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Positivist school of thought argues that a crime prevention strategy focusing solely on harsher punishments is sufficient to address crime.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Neo-classical school introduces the idea that certain individuals, such as children or lunatics, cannot be held fully responsible for their actions.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to crime prevention is more useful in reducing social conflicts and improving environmental conditions?

    <p>Ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Endemic approach to crime?

    <p>It studies factors that arise from local conditions or belong to a particular period of the year, or a specific area that makes a man criminal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Organic Psychosis approach to crime?

    <p>It focuses on the individual's mental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to crime focuses on the 'internal factors' of criminals?

    <p>Subjective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to crime focuses on the 'external factors' of criminals?

    <p>Objective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the 'Lack of Probity' approach to criminality?

    <p>It explains behavior based on a lack of honesty or integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the 'Lack of Piety' approach to criminality?

    <p>It considers a deficiency in religious devotion, particularly in religious beliefs or duties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to crime is more relevant for the offender from poverty?

    <p>Economic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to crime is more relevant for the offender with mental illness?

    <p>Functional Psychosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach emphasizes that individuals act within reason and choose among alternatives of action using conscious thought?

    <p>Classical School (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of crime defined as according to legal definitions?

    <p>It is an act or omission punishable by law forbidding or commanding it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a 'Misdemeanor'?

    <p>violation of simple rules and regulation (A), violation of city or municipal ordinance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Criminal Law governs matters related to family relations, property, succession, and contracts.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jurisprudence refers to crimes that are inherently evil.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Philippine Constitution is considered the highest law of the land.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Legislative Branch in the government?

    <p>It makes the laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Executive Branch in the government?

    <p>It enforces and carries out the laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Judicial Branch in the government?

    <p>It interprets the laws and ensures they are applied fairly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the supreme law in the Philippines?

    <p>The Philippine Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a local government enacts an ordinance that contradicts the Philippine Constitution, which law should take precedence?

    <p>The Philippine Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are important elements of a crime? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Punishment (A), Actus Reus (Criminal Act) (B), Motive (C), Mens Rea (Criminal Intent) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Organized Crime

    The most dangerous type of crime, often involving groups coordinating illegal activities.

    Criminology

    The study of crime as a social phenomenon, including the making of laws, breaking of laws, and the reaction to law-breaking.

    Sociology of Law

    The study of how laws affect society and why certain behaviors are considered crimes.

    Criminal Etiology

    The scientific study of the causes and reasons for crime.

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    Multidisciplinary Approach

    Criminology using diverse fields (psychology, sociology, etc.) to understand crime.

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    Theory

    A scientifically acceptable principle used to explain a phenomenon.

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    Speculative Theory

    A theory in its early stages, based on observations, such as noticing a crime rate connected to economic conditions.

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    Hypothesis

    A testable prediction in the scientific method.

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    Social Media Data (Criminology)

    Information from social media used for understanding criminal behaviour and attitudes, and the dissemination of criminal ideas.

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    Positivist School

    A criminology school of thought emphasizing biological, psychological, and sociological causes of crime.

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    Neo-Classical School

    Crime school acknowledging limitations in accountability for certain individuals (children, mentally ill), considering their capacity to reason.

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    Classical School

    A school of thought in criminology that emphasizes free will, where individuals are responsible for their actions.

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    Crime

    An act (or inaction) punishable by law.

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    Felony

    Serious crime, often punishable by imprisonment.

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    Misdemeanor

    Less serious crime; punishable by fines or shorter imprisonment.

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    Economic Approach (Crime)

    Explaining crime through financial factors like poverty and inequality.

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    Demographic Approach (Crime)

    Examining population characteristics (density, age, income) that might influence crime.

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    Epidemiological/Sociological Approach (Crime)

    Explaining crime through social interactions and environmental factors.

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    Biological Approach (Crime)

    Examining genetic influences or physical traits linked to possible criminal behaviour.

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    Ecological Approach (Crime)

    Considering the environment's role in influencing crime rates and trends.

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    Study Notes

    Criminology Introduction

    • Criminology is the study of crime as a social phenomenon
    • Organized crime is the most dangerous type
    • Focuses on making laws, breaking laws, and reacting to them
    • Criminology is a multidisciplinary field, involving psychology, sociology, anthropology, biology, neurology, political science, and economics.
    • Aim of studying Criminology: preventing crime
    • Theory: scientific principles to explain crime.
    • Speculative theory: observes high crime rate in areas with low employment and hypothesizes that economic conditions influence criminal behavior
    • Role for a hypothesis: make predictions testable through experiments
    • Social media data in criminology: rich source of info, easily collected, insights into criminal ideas and networks
    • Schools of thought in criminology
      • Positivist School: Biological, Psychological, or Sociological causation for crime. Crime is attributed to social and environmental factors. Hardship leads to crime; punishments aren't enough.
      • Neo-Classical School: Individuals (like children or mentally ill) aren't fully responsible for their actions; considers mental capacity when sentencing.

    Crime Definition and Classification

    • Crime: act or omission punishable by law
    • Felony: serious crime, punishable under the Revised Penal Code
    • Offense: punishable under special laws
    • Misdemeanor: violation of simple rules/regulations (less serious offenses)
    • Classification of crime (Categories)
      • Type A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, depending on criteria like intent, place, time and motive

    Different Approaches to Explain Crime

    • Economic Approach: Poverty, lack of resources, inequality causing criminal behavior.
    • Demographic Approach: Population density, age, income, impacting social behaviors, like crime.
    • Epidemiological and Sociological Approach: Social interactions are factors in criminal behavior.
    • Biological Approach: Genetic factors linked to criminal behavior.
    • Ecology Approach: Crime prevention strategies by reducing conflicts and improving conditions.
    • Endemic Approach: Factors arising from local conditions, seasons, or specific areas.
    • Organic Psychosis Approach: Mental health issues are linked to criminal behavior.
    • Objective Approach: External factors (social, sociological, cultural, economic)
    • Subjective Approach: Internal factors (within the criminal)

    Criminal Law and Civil Law

    • Criminal Law: Branch of public law defining crimes and punishments.
    • Civil Law: Governs family relations, property, succession, and contracts.
    • Jurisprudence: Theoretical framework for interpreting/understanding law.
    • Mala in se: Inherently evil crimes
    • Mala prohibita: Crimes due to laws prohibiting them, not inherently evil

    Three Branches of Government & Constitutional Interpretation

    • Three branches of government: Legislative (makes laws), Executive (enforces laws), Judicial (interprets laws).
    • Constitutional interpretation: the Constitution is supreme law; judicial decisions interpret/apply it.
    • Local ordinance conflict with Constitution: local ordinances are declared unconstitutional if they contradict the Constitution.

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    Related Documents

    CRI 010: Introduction To Criminology PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the foundational concepts of criminology, exploring crime as a social phenomenon and the various factors that contribute to criminal behavior. It discusses the multidisciplinary nature of criminology and theories related to crime prevention, including the impact of economic conditions and social media data. Test your understanding of the schools of thought and methodologies within this vital field.

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