Criminology Overview and Crime Definitions

<p>It often overlooks severe harms like corporate and state crimes, while focusing on less harmful ones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The legality of killing, which varies when state-sanctioned as opposed to extrajudicial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often maintain unequal power structures rather than reducing crime. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a complex procedure influenced by power dynamics that affect which actions are deemed criminal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The socio-economic structures created by capitalism that affect the distribution of harm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absolute nature of state power, mediated through various actors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a moral and normative gray area, often arbitrary and without clear justification. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intersections of their race, gender, and citizenship. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detention centers hold individuals without a defined time frame, unlike prisons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because many detainees lack the actual capacity to fight due to systemic barriers and power imbalances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That the treatment and experiences of detainees are not adjusted to reflect the nuances of their situations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of force and treatment of individuals crossing borders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recognize that compliance often stems from structural constraints rather than free will. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It raises concerns about consent and the potential misuse of personal information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reevaluating the needs of non-citizens using a more humane approach. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immcaceration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the infliction of pain by the state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deprivation of fundamental rights, including the right to life, liberty, and basic needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As collateral damage, raising ethical questions about the policies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is likened to apartheid practices, reinforcing social hierarchies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphasizing humane treatment, rehabilitation, and the protection of human rights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A defensive reaction focused on isolating themselves and protecting their perceived stability and way of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of criminological perspectives to analyze border control and migration enforcement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A social construct, dependent on societal definitions and the power dynamics between enforcers and those subjected to the law. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Migration control and crime control systems are becoming increasingly convergent, with similar methods of surveillance, policing, and legal processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A convergence of immigration and criminal law where border violations are now often treated as criminal offenses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It challenges the idea that border crossing is inherently criminal, suggesting it’s a natural part of globalization and economic interdependence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A punitive framing that often portrays migrants as deviants or threats to society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A growing existence of global apartheid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may lack adequate infrastructure and legal protections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates loopholes that may evade direct compliance with asylum protections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They motivate other countries to act as gatekeepers for migration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased reports of abuse and forced deportations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shifts the balance towards state security over human rights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-refoulement protections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The privilege of seeking asylum may depend on geographical considerations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They obscure the connection between migrants and European legal obligations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manage and control migration through distance and deterrence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It discourages future migration by isolating asylum seekers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dismantle pathways for asylum and reduce visible pressures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They undermine the EU's commitment to international law and human rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To separate migrants from EU compassion and assistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UK-Rwanda Agreement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the number of asylum claims in the EU (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focused on maintaining humanitarian engagement while deterring migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The convergence of immigration and criminal law that treats border violations as criminal offenses.

The process by which border crossing is labeled as a criminal act due to societal definitions and power dynamics.

A systematic divide between wealthy and impoverished nations, intensifying through immigration policies.

The use of monitoring practices to enforce immigration policies and control borders.

An emerging sector focused on policing and legal processes related to migration enforcement.

A sub-field studying the intersection of crime and migration to better understand border work.

Policies that impose harsh penalties on migrants, framing them as societal threats or deviants.

The need to accept and adapt to various cultural backgrounds to promote peaceful coexistence.

Strategies to manage migration by pushing borders outward, away from the EU.

The hidden agenda within externalization policies focusing on deterrence instead of true aid.

A policy relocating asylum seekers to Rwanda permanently, severing their ties to the UK.

Approach in migration policies designed to discourage future migrants from attempting to enter the EU.

The commitment to uphold human rights and provide support to those in need.

The emotional and mental separation created between migrants and the humanitarian aid they seek.

An ideal approach to migration that emphasizes equity, inclusion, and social justice.

The difference between collaborative migration approaches and those that simply aim to restrict and control movement.

The study of social harm rather than traditional crime.

Negative impacts on individuals or societies beyond legal definitions of crime.

Differences in how certain acts are regarded based on cultural and legal contexts.

Crime is defined by legal systems and social relations, lacking inherent qualities.

The acceptance of crime without questioning its definitions, leading to misconceptions.

The criminal justice system often overlooks severe issues like corporate crime and violence against women.

The complex dynamics of which behaviors are defined as crimes and the power influencing this.

Current crime control measures fail to reduce crime or rehabilitate offenders, perpetuating inequalities.

The state's authority in detention is mediated by NGOs and companies, complicating detainees' agency.

Detainees' identities impact their experiences and power dynamics in detention centers.

Detainees often face treatment that reflects biases based on race and gender.

Detainees may comply due to structural constraints rather than consent, highlighting power complexities.

Detention centers exist morally ambiguous, lacking clear legitimacy or justification for detention.

Detainees can be held indefinitely without a defined time frame, raising ethical concerns.

Understanding detainees requires considering the intersections of race, gender, and citizenship.

Immigration detention is influenced by global migration patterns, challenging justice notions.

Legal safeguards for individuals seeking refuge from persecution.

Nations where asylum seekers can be sent, assumed safe for processing.

The principle preventing states from returning asylum seekers to places where their life is at risk.

The process where nations transfer the responsibility of asylum to other countries.

The European Union's strategies to manage migrant flows through external partnerships.

Policies and practices aimed at regulating the movement of people across borders.

The moral consequences and responsibilities related to migration policies.

Areas where migrants are kept to limit their movement, often lacking protection.

A system combining criminal and immigration law, affecting non-citizens with punitive measures.

The use of military personnel and technologies in migration control.

Systemic inequalities framed as detention, harming marginalized groups especially migrants.

The exchange of personal biometric information among nations, raising privacy concerns.

Deprivation of fundamental rights for irregular migrants, causing physical and psychological harm.

Securitization leads to injuries and deaths among migrants during border crossings.

Migration policies often favor wealthy individuals and reinforce social hierarchies.

The moral issues related to using force for border enforcement and the treatment of individuals.