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Questions and Answers
Which industry is NOT mentioned as benefiting from innovative data transfer methods?
Which industry is NOT mentioned as benefiting from innovative data transfer methods?
What is a primary responsibility of computer engineering?
What is a primary responsibility of computer engineering?
What is a significant benefit of cloud computing?
What is a significant benefit of cloud computing?
Which type of cloud is characterized by shared third-party resources?
Which type of cloud is characterized by shared third-party resources?
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What do deep learning models primarily utilize?
What do deep learning models primarily utilize?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of software engineering?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of software engineering?
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Which statement about artificial intelligence is FALSE?
Which statement about artificial intelligence is FALSE?
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What is the primary focus of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)?
What is the primary focus of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)?
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What term did Walter Maner coin in the 1970s?
What term did Walter Maner coin in the 1970s?
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Which of the following is considered a primary issue in Computer Ethics?
Which of the following is considered a primary issue in Computer Ethics?
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What does intellectual property primarily protect?
What does intellectual property primarily protect?
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Which organization heralded the second generation of Computer Ethics in the 1990s?
Which organization heralded the second generation of Computer Ethics in the 1990s?
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What is plagiarism in the context of computer ethics?
What is plagiarism in the context of computer ethics?
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What timeframe does copyright protection extend for an author's work?
What timeframe does copyright protection extend for an author's work?
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What is the primary focus of Sherry Turkle and Judith Perrolle in their exploration?
What is the primary focus of Sherry Turkle and Judith Perrolle in their exploration?
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What is the purpose of a software license?
What is the purpose of a software license?
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What type of cable is typically used for long-distance applications in fiber optics?
What type of cable is typically used for long-distance applications in fiber optics?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of using twisted pair wires?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using twisted pair wires?
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What is the main purpose of a router in a computer network?
What is the main purpose of a router in a computer network?
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What is one advantage of using unbounded media for transmission?
What is one advantage of using unbounded media for transmission?
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Which type of coaxial cable is primarily used for satellite connections?
Which type of coaxial cable is primarily used for satellite connections?
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What is a key feature of multimode fiber optic cables?
What is a key feature of multimode fiber optic cables?
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Why are serial connections not feasible for large networks?
Why are serial connections not feasible for large networks?
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What is the function of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
What is the function of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
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What role did Tim Berners-Lee play in the history of the internet?
What role did Tim Berners-Lee play in the history of the internet?
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Which technological advancement expanded internet access significantly between 2000 and 2005?
Which technological advancement expanded internet access significantly between 2000 and 2005?
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What was introduced in the Mosaic Browser that contributed to the growth of the web?
What was introduced in the Mosaic Browser that contributed to the growth of the web?
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What was the role of ARPA/DARPA in the development of the internet?
What was the role of ARPA/DARPA in the development of the internet?
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Which development was key to revolutionizing internet functionality between 1995 and 1999?
Which development was key to revolutionizing internet functionality between 1995 and 1999?
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How does physical topology differ from logical topology in a network?
How does physical topology differ from logical topology in a network?
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What is the primary function of the Internet?
What is the primary function of the Internet?
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What is the primary function of internal network cards?
What is the primary function of internal network cards?
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Which development was NOT directly mentioned as a part of the internet's early history?
Which development was NOT directly mentioned as a part of the internet's early history?
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Which type of network card requires physical cables for connection?
Which type of network card requires physical cables for connection?
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What type of network can be defined as limited to a small geographic area, like an office?
What type of network can be defined as limited to a small geographic area, like an office?
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What is a common type of network cable used for connecting computers?
What is a common type of network cable used for connecting computers?
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What shared resource can be accessed across connected systems on a network?
What shared resource can be accessed across connected systems on a network?
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What type of device acts as a central hub for connecting multiple computers in a network?
What type of device acts as a central hub for connecting multiple computers in a network?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of external network cards?
Which of the following is a characteristic of external network cards?
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Which type of network supports high-speed data transfer and is inexpensive to set up?
Which type of network supports high-speed data transfer and is inexpensive to set up?
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What is the main difference between physical topology and logical topology?
What is the main difference between physical topology and logical topology?
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Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of a complex network topology?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of a complex network topology?
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What is the primary purpose of a router in a network?
What is the primary purpose of a router in a network?
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Which network category is designed for local areas?
Which network category is designed for local areas?
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What key event in 1981 contributed to the expansion of ARPAnet?
What key event in 1981 contributed to the expansion of ARPAnet?
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Which of the following network definitions covers larger areas like cities?
Which of the following network definitions covers larger areas like cities?
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What is one of the main advantages of using complex network topologies?
What is one of the main advantages of using complex network topologies?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Computing - Overview
- Computing before 1935 involved human calculations.
- Modern computing (post-1945) uses Von Neumann's model, accepting input, processing data, storing data, and producing output.
- Key computing sub-disciplines include Information Systems (IS), Information Technology (IT), Computer Science, Engineering, and Software Engineering.
Major Disciplines of Computing
- Information Systems (IS): Focuses on business decision-making using data systems, including Management Information Systems (MIS) which manages data for informed decisions.
- Information Technology (IT): Solves specific business problems using technology, manages IT resources, and assists technology planning.
- Computer Science: Examines the theoretical and technical aspects of computing, develops algorithms, studies software systems, and innovates data transfer methods.
- Computer Engineering: Develops and integrates hardware components including microchips, processors, and other hardware.
Major Computing Associations
- Association for Computing Machinery (ACM): Founded in 1947 in New York City, it is the largest educational and scientific computing society.
Emerging Technologies
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): Mimics human intelligence, including Machine Learning (machines learning tasks using statistical models) and Deep Learning (using neural networks).
- Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR): Enhance real-world objects or create immersive virtual environments, respectively.
- Cloud Computing: An internet-based computing service for storage, servers, and software. Offers cost-savings and global scalability, but also security and disaster recovery consideration.
- Internet of Things (IoT): Interconnected devices sharing data without human intervention, useful for smart homes, cities, and energy-efficient solutions.
- Big Data: Enormous and complex datasets requiring advanced processing. Three types include structured, unstructured, and semi-structured.
History of Computing
- 18th Century: Early mechanical innovations included automated machines and programmable looms.
- 19th Century: Notable milestones include the Jacquard Loom (first programmable loom) and Charles Babbage's Difference Engine and Analytical Engine (designs for general purpose programmable machines). Ada Lovelace is the first programmer.
- 20th Century: Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem, Church's lambda calculus and Turing machine (model for computation) were critical theoretical advances.
- Early Computers (1930s-1940s): Konrad Zuse's Z1, Harvard Mark I, Colossus computers (codebreaking). ENIAC is the first general-purpose electronic computer.
- Hardware Breakthroughs (1940s-1950s): The transistor and integrated circuit revolutionized computing by introducing smaller, more reliable devices.
- Microprocessors and Networking: Development of the Intel 404 (first microprocessor), Ethernet, as well as, personal computers (Altair, Scelbi, IBM 5100, Apple I, and Apple II) and the rise of personal computing.
- Software Developments: Languages like FORTRAN.
- Emerging technologies such as the mouse and graphical user interfaces.
Computer Systems Organization (Hardware)
- Describes the physical components of a computer, such as the CPU, RAM, hard drive, motherboard, input-output devices, and storage devices.
- Explains the functions of these components, such as the execution of instructions, memory management, and data storage. Details the key components such as the motherboard, ALU, CU, registers, MAR, MDR, AC, PC, and CIR.
Software Revolution
- Key developments include VisiCalc (first spreadsheet software), and Word Star (word processor) as well as the IBM PC and its key components and technologies.
Computer Ethics
- Definition: Standards and practices guiding ethical computer use. Ethics are standards for right and wrong behavior, not mandates.
- Key Issues: Addressing privacy, ownership (intellectual property) of information, security, data accuracy, and appropriate use. Critically considers cyber-crime such as: fraud, hacking, identity theft, scanning, viruses, ransomware, DDoS attacks, botnets, spam, phishing, cyberstalking, cyber-bullying, and child pornography.
- Ethical Concerns & Conflicts: Conflicts between individual user access & interests and the broader public interest and business needs.
- Key Contributor: People who significantly shaped the field of computer ethics, such as Norbert Wiener, Donn Parker, Joseph Weizenbaum, Walter Maner, and James Moor.
Data Communication
- Definition: Describes the exchange of data between a source and a receiver. Data exchange may be local (face-to-face) or remote (long distances). This encompasses telecommunications across distances, using transmission media like wires and cables.
- Components: Identifies components of data communication such as messages, senders, receivers, mediums (wired/wireless), and protocols.
- Media Types: Differentiates between bounded (wired) and unbounded (wireless) media, types such as coaxial cables, twisted-pair wires, fiber optic cables, radiowaves, microwaves, satellite, and infrared.
- Data Transmission Models: Explains the different ways data can be transmitted, including simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
- Key Concepts: Presents terms and concepts fundamental to data communication and includes key terms such as EMI (Electromagnetic Interference).
Computer Networking
- Definition: A network connects multiple computers to share information, applications, resources, and data.
- Components: Presents fundamental hardware components like cables (with examples), routers, network cards (internal/external). Includes key terms such as PCI and ISA. Distributors help manage network traffic.
- Network Topologies: Explains various physical network layouts (bus, ring, star, and mesh). Each has advantages and disadvantages regarding maintenance, speed, and cost.
- Key Concepts: Includes concepts such as LAN, MAN, and WAN, their scopes (local to global).
The Internet
- Definition: A global system of interconnected networks facilitating data exchange and communication.
- History: Describes major milestones in Internet development, from early networking efforts to significant milestones (DARPA, ARPANET, NSFNET). Highlights major technological milestones.
- Protocols and Technologies: Describes essential protocols (TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP) and technologies supporting the internet like DNS, and Web Hosting and other concepts.
- Key Figures: Presents key people who played a significant role in the development of the internet.
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Description
This quiz covers the evolution of computing from human calculations to the modern era following the Von Neumann model. It also explores the major disciplines within computing such as Information Systems, Information Technology, Computer Science, and Computer Engineering. Test your knowledge on these foundational concepts.
