Introduction to Computers: Tools for Information Age
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of output devices?

  • To process data
  • To input data
  • To convert from electronic form to some other form (correct)
  • To store data

    • Output devices only convert data into sound.

    False

    Name one common output device.

    Printer

    Output devices convert from electronic form to some other _____ .

    <p>form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following output devices with their functions:

    <p>Monitor = Displays visual output Speaker = Outputs audio sounds Printer = Produces physical copies Projector = Projects images onto a surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be displayed as processed results?

    <p>Text, numbers, symbols, and art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A monitor is a type of device that displays processed results.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two types of information that can be displayed as processed results.

    <p>Text and photographs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ is used to display processed results in the form of visual information.

    <p>monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of processed results with examples:

    <p>Text = Written documents Numbers = Data spreadsheets Symbols = Mathematical notations Video = Moving visual content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network connects computers in close proximity?

    <p>Local Area Network (LAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Wide Area Network (WAN) connects computers within a single building.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) primarily connect?

    <p>Computers between buildings in the same geographic area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ connects computers over great distances.

    <p>Wide Area Network (WAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of networks with their descriptions:

    <p>Local Area Network (LAN) = Connects computers in close proximity Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) = Connects computers between buildings in the same geographic area Wide Area Network (WAN) = Connects computers over great distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Computers Tools for Information Age lecture

    • The lecture is about computers tools for the information age.
    • The lecture was given by Prof. Dr. Yehia EL Mashad in September 2024.
    • The course is focused on defining the information age, encompassing computer parts, components, and applications.

    Objectives

    • Introduction to IT
    • IT usages and applications
    • Computer architecture
    • Computer networks
    • Internet
    • Ethical computing, security and privacy
    • Flowchart and computer programming
    • Databases
    • Artificial intelligence

    Information Society

    • Information societies are highly based on ICT.
    • They are characterized by the large volume of ICTs.
    • Interactions among individuals are made easier and more efficient by ICTs.
    • Participation in ICTs is simpler.
    • Communication is swift and efficient.
    • Information is accessible to everyone.

    Parts of a Computer

    • Expansion cards
    • Motherboard
    • CPU cooler
    • Computer case
    • SSD
    • PSU
    • HDD
    • RS
    • Monitor
    • Keyboard
    • Mouse
    • Speakers

    Computer Components Diagram

    • Data flows from the input device to the central processing unit (CPU).
    • The CPU processes data.
    • The output device displays the processed data.
    • Secondary storage device stores data (long-term).
    • Memory holds data and programs.

    Main Characteristics

    • Speed (GHz)
    • Reliability
    • Capacity (GB)

    Information System Pillars

    • Hardware (wires, transistors, circuits)
    • Software (instructions and data)
    • People

    Applications

    • Healthcare
    • Communication
    • Education (OL exams, e-resources)
    • Employment (S/W, data scientists, cloud analysts, designers, developers)
    • National Security (pw-Face Recognition, fingerprint)
    • Governance
    • Entertainment (watch it-Flex-Shahed-3-7D)
    • Finance
    • Transportation (GPS-Uber-smart-autopilot-ATC)
    • Virtual and Augmented Reality

    Computer Definition

    • A programmable machine that accepts data, processes it and stores it for later use.
    • The process is directed by software but performed by hardware.

    Parts of a CPU

    • Central processing unit (CPU)
    • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), Registers, Instruction Fetcher, Instruction decoder
    • Random access memory (RAM), Read only memory (ROM), Cache, Bus, Peripheral devices

    Computer Components

    • Memory - temporarily stores data and programs.
    • Mass Storage - permanently stores large amounts of data.
    • Input device – keyboard and mouse.
    • Output device – display screen and printer.
    • Central Processing Unit (CPU) – controls and executes instructions.

    Computer Terminology

    • Data Buses: channels for information transfer between parts.
    • Expansion slots/ports: connections for peripherals.
    • ROM: Read-Only Memory (non-writable).
    • Disk - magnetic or optical material to store data.
    • Disk Drive – hardware to read/write data to/from a disk.
    • Hard Disk Drive (HDD) – permanent storage.
    • CDROM Drive, DVD Drive, Floppy Drive (FDD) - secondary storage formats.

    Computer Diagrams

    • Shows components and their connections, i.e. CPU, ALU, Registers, Memory, Instruction Decoder, Instruction Fetcher, Cache memory etc.

    Processor (CPU)

    • Converts data into useful information
    • Interprets and executes instructions
    • Communicates with input, output, and storage

    Types of Storage

    • Secondary storage – long-term storage
    • Primary storage – memory, temporary storage

    Memory / Primary Storage

    • Temporary storage
    • Holds input for processing
    • Holds processing results
    • Stores programs for computer control and input-output manipulation.
    • Volatile

    Secondary Storage

    • Long-Term storage
    • Non-volatile

    Secondary Storage Devices

    • Magnetic disks (hard disk, diskette)
    • Optical disks (CD-ROM, DVD-ROM)
    • Magnetic tape (backups)

    Input Devices

    • Accept data/commands, converting them into electronic format.
    • Ways to input data into computers: typing on the keyboard or pointing with a mouse and using scanners and bar-code readers.

    Output Devices

    • Converts data to other usable forms/formats
    • Usable information (displayed on the monitor or screen).
    • Output forms can be text, numbers, symbols, pictures, or video.
    • Printer is a common output device.

    Network Definition and Type

    • A system that uses communication equipment to connect computers and resources.
    • Local Area Networks (LANs) - connects computers in close proximity.
    • Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) - connects computers between buildings in the same geographic area.
    • Wide Area Networks (WANs) - connects computers over great distances.

    Internet

    • A collection of interconnected networks.
    • No single owner
    • No central source for services.
    • No comprehensive index of available information.
    • Connects individuals, businesses, organizations, libraries, research labs, and government.

    Getting Connected

    • User's computer must connect to a server using TCP/IP.
    • Users can purchase access to a server through an Internet Service Provider (ISP).

    Internet Services

    • WWW (World Wide Web)
    • FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
    • E-mail
    • UseNet
    • IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
    • Bulletin Boards

    World Wide Web

    • Browser—program permitting internet navigation and exploration.
    • Mouse use for navigating text and graphics.
    • Web pages and sites.
    • Home page.

    Computer Classifications

    • Use the computer that fits specific needs.
    • Classification criteria include: size, speed, cost, portability, the number of simultaneous users supported, available software, typical use.

    Types of Computers

    • Desktop computers
    • Laptop computers
    • Tablets
    • Smartphones
    • Phones
    • Cameras (including video)
    • GPS
    • Touch screens
    • Servers
    • Mainframe computers
    • Embedded systems
    • Aircraft
    • Weapon systems
    • Automobiles
    • Gaming systems
    • GPS systems
    • Robotic systems
    • Manufacturing systems
    • Vision systems
    • Wearable devices (Fitbit, Apple Watch, Google Glass, Body Cams)

    Computer Classifications (Continued)

    • Supercomputers (powerful, high speed)
    • Notebooks (portable)
    • PCs (desktop)

    Generations of Computers

    • Vacuum tubes
    • Transistors
    • Integrated circuits
    • Microprocessor chip
    • Artificial intelligence (future)

    Fifth Generation of Computers

    • Artificial intelligence
    • Parallel processing
    • Natural language processing
    • Quantum computing
    • Connectivity
    • Robotics
    • Ultra large-scale integration circuits
    • Extremely fast processing
    • Consumes very little power.
    • More portable and powerful
    • Fastest RAM
    • Very small and very cheap

    Price/Performance Pyramid

    • Classifies computers by power and price.
    • Structures computer types hierarchical from embedded, personal, workstation, server, to mainframe and supercomputers.

    Computer Types (Continued)

    • Personal computer—small, single-user, microprocessor-based, keyboard for input, monitor for output, storage for saving data.
    • Workstation—powerful, single-user computer similar to a personal computer with a more powerful processor and higher quality monitor.
    • Minicomputer—multi-user computer supporting 10–hundreds of users.
    • Mainframe—powerful multi-user computer supporting hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
    • Supercomputer—an extremely fast computer executing hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

    Top 10 Inventions

    • Drone technology has become more common.
    • 3D printers have advanced.
    • Voice recognition has improved.
    • Flying cars are being developed.
    • Virtual reality has become more real.
    • Lab grown-burgers have become available.
    • Increase in mobile internet use.
    • More people own smartphones.
    • Social media usage.
    • Increase in global internet users.
    • Increase in Facebook advertising reach.

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    Related Documents

    Lect 1-3 Introduction to IT Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts from Prof. Dr. Yehia EL Mashad's lecture on computers as tools in the information age. It covers topics such as computer architecture, networking, artificial intelligence, and ethical computing. Test your knowledge on IT applications and components.

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