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Questions and Answers
What is a vulnerability in a security context?
Which of the following describes a threat?
What type of attack results in loss of availability of assets?
Which attack aims to compromise the confidentiality of information?
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What is an example of modification in the context of a security threat?
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What type of threat involves the insertion of counterfeit objects in a system?
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Which example best illustrates a threat resulting from human error?
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What does the term 'attack on integrity' refer to?
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What distinguishes a passive attack from an active attack?
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Which of the following is an example of a passive attack?
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What is the primary goal of an active attack?
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In which form of attack does one party impersonate another entity?
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Which attack involves unauthorized retransmission of captured data?
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What characterizes a denial of service attack?
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What was the main consequence of the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack in 2021?
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What is a fundamental challenge in preventing active attacks?
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Which security flaws primarily contributed to the T-Mobile data breach in 2021?
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How could the risks associated with the Log4j vulnerability have been mitigated by organizations?
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Which historical incident exemplifies a widespread cyber attack through software compromise?
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What is a key prevention strategy for ransomware attacks in critical infrastructure?
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What best describes the implications of supply chain vulnerabilities?
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What does the 'C' in the CIA triad stand for?
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Which of the following best describes 'integrity' in the context of information security?
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What is a loss of availability in information security?
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What does non-repudiation ensure in information security?
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Which of the following is an example of a security attack?
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What role does access control play in information security?
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Which of the following mechanisms contributes to maintaining confidentiality?
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What is the primary function of security mechanisms in information security?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Computer Security
- Gene Spafford, a computer science professor at Purdue University, made a point about the difficulty of securing systems.
Computer Security
- Computer security encompasses measures and controls to safeguard information system assets.
The CIA Triad
- Confidentiality: Protecting information from unauthorized access or disclosure.
- Integrity: Ensuring information remains accurate and unaltered.
- Availability: Guaranteeing timely and reliable access to information.
- Authentication: Verifying a user's identity.
- Non-repudiation: Preventing a party from denying their involvement in an action.
- Authorization: Defining what a user is allowed to do within a system.
Security Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Attacks
- A vulnerability is a weakness in a system that could be exploited.
- A threat is a potential danger that might exploit a vulnerability.
- An attack is a deliberate attempt to bypass security measures and violate system policy.
- Attack examples include interruption of service, interception of information, modification of information, and fabrication of information.
Security Attacks: Classification
- Passive attacks aim to gather information without affecting system resources.
- Active attacks aim to modify system resources or disrupt their operation.
- Types of passive attacks include:
- Release of message content
- Traffic analysis
- Types of active attacks include:
- Masquerade: Impersonating a different entity.
- Replay: Captures and retransmits data units for unauthorized purposes.
- Modification of messages: Altering messages to cause unauthorized effects.
- Denial of service: Preventing or hindering access to communication facilities.
Security in Daily Life
- SolarWinds Hack (2020): Attackers infiltrated multiple government agencies and private corporations by exploiting vulnerabilities in the SolarWinds Orion platform.
- Colonial Pipeline Ransomware Attack (2021): A ransomware attack disrupted a major fuel pipeline, highlighting the impact on critical infrastructure.
- T-Mobile Data Breach (2021): Weak security allowed hackers to access personal data of over 40 million customers.
- Log4j Vulnerability (2021): A widespread vulnerability in the Log4j library allowed attackers to execute arbitrary code.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of computer security, including the principles of the CIA Triad: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. It also explores common vulnerabilities, threats, and types of attacks that systems may face. Perfect for anyone looking to understand the essentials of protecting information systems.
