Introduction to Computer Programming

What is Computer Programming?

• Involves instructing a computer to perform tasks through a series of commands.
• A computer is an electronic device designed to accept and manipulate data to produce information.
• Programming methods include typing commands, creating programs, using pre-existing software, and employing user interfaces like menus or GUIs.

Types of Software

• System Software: Essential for the computer's functionality, operating efficiently, and serving as an interface with application programs. Examples include:
  • Operating systems
  • Compilers and interpreters
  • Device drivers
  • Diagnostic programs
• Application Software: Designed to address specific problems or user needs. Examples include:
  • Microsoft Office
  • Web browsers
  • Media players
  • Database management systems
  • Business software for inventory, payroll, etc.

The Computer Programmer

• A specialist in creating and maintaining computer programs.
• Types of Programmers:
  • System Programmers: Develop system-level software and are proficient in low-level languages (e.g., Assembly, C, Java).
  • Application Programmers: Focus on user-centric software using high-level, scripting, or fourth-generation languages.

Qualifications to be a Computer Programmer

• Must possess problem-solving skills, analytical thinking, organizational abilities, patience, resourcefulness, and a degree of obsessive attention to detail.

Levels of Programming Languages

• High-level Languages: User-friendly, with English-like commands (e.g., COBOL, Visual BASIC, HTML).
• Middle-level Languages: Combine high-level simplicity with low-level control (e.g., C++).
• Symbolic Languages: Use mnemonic codes for instructions (e.g., Assembly language).
• Machine Language: Comprised of binary code (0s and 1s) understandable primarily by computers.

Definition of Terms

• Bug: A term for errors in a program.
• Debug: Process of eliminating errors.
• Debugging: The act of identifying and removing bugs.
• Software: General term for computer programs.
• Hardware: Refers to the physical components of a computer system.
• Computer Program: A set of instructions for the computer.
• Computer Programming: Designing and creating computer programs.
• Programming Language: Tools for translating human instructions into machine-readable code.
• Programmer: A professional who creates and maintains programs.
• Algorithm: A step-by-step solution to a specific problem.

This quiz covers the basics of computer programming, including definitions, types of software, and the role of a computer programmer. Gain a foundational understanding of programming languages and key terminology involved in the field.