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Questions and Answers
What are the main types of access networks in the context of the Internet?
What are the main types of access networks in the context of the Internet?
Which of the following is a characteristic of DSL technology?
Which of the following is a characteristic of DSL technology?
What is a key feature of cable network architecture?
What is a key feature of cable network architecture?
Which factor primarily affects bandwidth in a network?
Which factor primarily affects bandwidth in a network?
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What does the term 'network interconnections' refer to?
What does the term 'network interconnections' refer to?
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What is a disadvantage of using wired access networks compared to wireless access networks?
What is a disadvantage of using wired access networks compared to wireless access networks?
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Which technology is primarily used for broadband access in residential networks?
Which technology is primarily used for broadband access in residential networks?
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What is a significant advantage of fiber optic links?
What is a significant advantage of fiber optic links?
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What are the types of access networks mentioned in the content?
What are the types of access networks mentioned in the content?
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Which technology is commonly associated with providing internet access through telephone lines?
Which technology is commonly associated with providing internet access through telephone lines?
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In a cable network architecture, how is data typically transmitted?
In a cable network architecture, how is data typically transmitted?
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What is a key consideration regarding bandwidth in access networks?
What is a key consideration regarding bandwidth in access networks?
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What is the main function of interconnected routers in a network core?
What is the main function of interconnected routers in a network core?
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Which type of access network is commonly used in educational institutions?
Which type of access network is commonly used in educational institutions?
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What role does physical media play in access networks?
What role does physical media play in access networks?
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What can be a characteristic of mobile access networks?
What can be a characteristic of mobile access networks?
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What type of connections do residential access networks primarily involve?
What type of connections do residential access networks primarily involve?
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How do protocols define the behavior of message transmission in networks?
How do protocols define the behavior of message transmission in networks?
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What is the consequence of a packet arriving at a full queue in a network?
What is the consequence of a packet arriving at a full queue in a network?
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In the context of throughput, what does Rs represent?
In the context of throughput, what does Rs represent?
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What could happen to the lost packets in a network?
What could happen to the lost packets in a network?
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When conducting a traceroute, what does an asterisk (*) signify in the results?
When conducting a traceroute, what does an asterisk (*) signify in the results?
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If Rs is less than Rc in a network, what does this imply about average end-to-end throughput?
If Rs is less than Rc in a network, what does this imply about average end-to-end throughput?
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What is a key characteristic of DSL technology compared to cable networks?
What is a key characteristic of DSL technology compared to cable networks?
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Which of the following describes the typical downstream transmission rate of DSL?
Which of the following describes the typical downstream transmission rate of DSL?
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In a cable network architecture, what does HFC stand for?
In a cable network architecture, what does HFC stand for?
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What distinguishes cable networks from DSL when accessing the Internet?
What distinguishes cable networks from DSL when accessing the Internet?
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What type of signal propagation occurs in unguided media?
What type of signal propagation occurs in unguided media?
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Which of the following is a common transmission rate found in Ethernet connections in enterprise access networks?
Which of the following is a common transmission rate found in Ethernet connections in enterprise access networks?
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Which statement is true regarding channel transmission in cable networks?
Which statement is true regarding channel transmission in cable networks?
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What is the typical upstream transmission rate for cable HFC networks?
What is the typical upstream transmission rate for cable HFC networks?
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What type of media is characterized by using glass fibers to transmit light pulses?
What type of media is characterized by using glass fibers to transmit light pulses?
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Which of the following accurately describes the packet transmission process from a host?
Which of the following accurately describes the packet transmission process from a host?
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The slides mentioned are available for modification and can be deleted entirely.
The slides mentioned are available for modification and can be deleted entirely.
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The copyright for the material provided extends from 1996 to 2010.
The copyright for the material provided extends from 1996 to 2010.
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Users are required to acknowledge the source when utilizing the PowerPoint slides in their classes.
Users are required to acknowledge the source when utilizing the PowerPoint slides in their classes.
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The document states that users can post the slides on a website without needing to credit the original source.
The document states that users can post the slides on a website without needing to credit the original source.
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The material was created by authors Jim Kurose and Keith Ross.
The material was created by authors Jim Kurose and Keith Ross.
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End systems in a network can include devices such as laptops and smartphones.
End systems in a network can include devices such as laptops and smartphones.
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Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted over a communication link in a given time period.
Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted over a communication link in a given time period.
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The Internet is primarily characterized as a single, linear connection of networks.
The Internet is primarily characterized as a single, linear connection of networks.
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Protocols like TCP and IP are responsible for controlling the sending and receiving of messages across the Internet.
Protocols like TCP and IP are responsible for controlling the sending and receiving of messages across the Internet.
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Interconnected ISPs in the Internet are unrelated to each other and operate independently.
Interconnected ISPs in the Internet are unrelated to each other and operate independently.
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The Request for Comments (RFC) is an official internet standards organization overseeing technical developments.
The Request for Comments (RFC) is an official internet standards organization overseeing technical developments.
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Wireless links include various transmission methods such as fiber, copper, and radio.
Wireless links include various transmission methods such as fiber, copper, and radio.
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Human protocols primarily focus on communication between machines.
Human protocols primarily focus on communication between machines.
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Access networks are crucial for connecting end systems to the core of the network.
Access networks are crucial for connecting end systems to the core of the network.
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TCP connection requests and responses are examples of human protocols.
TCP connection requests and responses are examples of human protocols.
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Bandwidth is typically measured in bits per second in the context of access networks.
Bandwidth is typically measured in bits per second in the context of access networks.
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Wired and wireless media are examples of physical communication links in access networks.
Wired and wireless media are examples of physical communication links in access networks.
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Interconnected routers form the edge of the network core.
Interconnected routers form the edge of the network core.
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Protocols only define the format of messages sent in a network.
Protocols only define the format of messages sent in a network.
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Mobile access networks are a type of institutional access network.
Mobile access networks are a type of institutional access network.
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The Internet is governed entirely by human protocols.
The Internet is governed entirely by human protocols.
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DSL technology typically offers a downstream transmission rate of up to 50 Mbps.
DSL technology typically offers a downstream transmission rate of up to 50 Mbps.
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Cable networks utilize frequency division multiplexing to transmit different channels simultaneously.
Cable networks utilize frequency division multiplexing to transmit different channels simultaneously.
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Ethernet access networks can provide transmission rates of up to 1 Gbps.
Ethernet access networks can provide transmission rates of up to 1 Gbps.
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Hybrid fiber coax (HFC) networks allow for symmetrical transmission rates for both upstream and downstream.
Hybrid fiber coax (HFC) networks allow for symmetrical transmission rates for both upstream and downstream.
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In wireless LANs, the usual transmission rate is up to 100 Mbps.
In wireless LANs, the usual transmission rate is up to 100 Mbps.
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Guided media refers to the physical links that transmit signals through free space.
Guided media refers to the physical links that transmit signals through free space.
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The upstream transmission rate for cable networks can reach up to 10 Mbps.
The upstream transmission rate for cable networks can reach up to 10 Mbps.
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A DSL modem connects to a central office DSLAM to transmit data.
A DSL modem connects to a central office DSLAM to transmit data.
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The signals in fiber optic cables are electrical pulses.
The signals in fiber optic cables are electrical pulses.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Computer Networking
- Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6th edition, by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross, Addison-Wesley, March 2012
- The slides are freely available for faculty, students, and readers to modify
- Users are asked to acknowledge the source if using the slides in a class or posting them online, and to respect copyright
Chapter 1 Roadmap
- 1.1 What is the Internet?
- 1.2 Network edge (end systems, access networks, links)
- 1.3 Network core (packet switching, circuit switching, network structure)
- 1.4 Delay, loss, and throughput in networks
- 1.5 Protocol layers and service models
- 1.6 Networks under attack: security
- 1.7 History
What's the Internet: "Nuts and Bolts"
- Millions of connected computing devices (hosts, end systems)
- Running network applications
- Communication links (fiber, copper, radio, satellite)
- Transmission rate: bandwidth
- Packet switches (forward packets; routers and switches)
- Types of Devices: PCs, servers, wireless laptops, smartphones, routers
What's the Internet: "Nuts and Bolts" (Service View)
- Interconnected ISPs (Internet Service Providers)
- Protocols for sending and receiving messages (e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype, 802.11)
- Internet standards (RFCs, IETF)
What's a Protocol?
- Human protocols: "What's the time?" "I have a question"
- Network protocols: Govern all communication in the Internet
- Define format, order of messages sent and received (among network entities) and actions taken on transmission/receipt
A Closer Look at Network Structure
- Network edge: Hosts, clients, servers (often in data centers)
- Access networks: Physical media (wired, wireless) for communication links
- Network core: Interconnected routers for networking
Access Networks and Physical Media
- Methods for connecting end systems to edge routers
- Residential, institutional, and mobile access networks
- Bandwidth (bits per second): Shared vs. dedicated access
Access Net: Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
- Uses existing telephone lines to connect to the internet
- Data and voice over DSL phone line
Access Net: Cable Network
- Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) to transmit data/TV over shared cable
- Hybrid fiber coax (HFC) with asymmetrical rates (higher downstream than upstream)
Access Net: Home Network
- Often combines wireless and wired access (wireless access point, wired Ethernet)
Enterprise Access Networks (Ethernet)
- Ethernet switches commonly used in companies and universities
- High transmission rates (10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, 10 Gbps)
Wireless Access Networks
- Shared wireless access network connecting end systems to a router (via base station)
- Wireless LANs (within building; 802.11, WiFi)
- Wide-area wireless access (cellular)
Host: Sends Packets of Data
- Application messages broken into smaller, easily transmitted chunks called packets
- Transmission rate (R) and packet length (L) determine transmission delay.
Physical Media
- Guided media: Signals propagate in solid media (copper, fiber, coax)
- Unguided media: Signals propagate freely (e.g., radio)
- Examples of physical media: twisted pair (TP), coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, radio
Packet Queueing Delay
- Packet delay is determined by transmission, propagation, nodal processing, and queuing delays
Throughput
- Throughput = rate (bits/time unit) at which bits are transferred
- Instantaneous throughput: rate at a given point in time; Average throughput: rate over a longer period
Throughput (More): Internet Scenario
- Per-connection end-end throughput: minimum of the individual elements in the path
- In practice, the lowest rate link is the bottleneck
Real Internet Delays and Routes
- Traceroute program: Measures delays from source to destination along an Internet path
- Sends packets that return the routers crossed
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of computer networking in this quiz based on Chapter 1 of 'Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach'. Delve into topics such as the Internet, network structure, protocol layers, and security. Test your understanding of how connected devices communicate over various transmission mediums.
