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Questions and Answers
Which term describes a structure that is nearer to the surface of the body?
Which term describes a structure that is nearer to the surface of the body?
What is the anatomical term for a structure located nearer to the head?
What is the anatomical term for a structure located nearer to the head?
Which anatomical term describes a structure that is located in between a superficial and a deep structure?
Which anatomical term describes a structure that is located in between a superficial and a deep structure?
Which term refers to the back side of the hand?
Which term refers to the back side of the hand?
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In anatomical terms, which surface is referred to as the sole of the foot?
In anatomical terms, which surface is referred to as the sole of the foot?
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When describing the position of the heart in relation to the stomach, which term is appropriate?
When describing the position of the heart in relation to the stomach, which term is appropriate?
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What term describes the position of the humerus in relation to the arm muscles?
What term describes the position of the humerus in relation to the arm muscles?
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Which term indicates a position away from the midline of the body?
Which term indicates a position away from the midline of the body?
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What primarily replaces cartilage in the bones during the fetal period?
What primarily replaces cartilage in the bones during the fetal period?
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What is the primary movement involved in circumduction?
What is the primary movement involved in circumduction?
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Which of the following best describes the sutures of the cranium?
Which of the following best describes the sutures of the cranium?
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Which term describes the movement of a limb closer to the median plane?
Which term describes the movement of a limb closer to the median plane?
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What factor largely determines the amount of movement at a fibrous joint?
What factor largely determines the amount of movement at a fibrous joint?
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What type of fibrous joint unites bones with a sheet of fibrous tissue?
What type of fibrous joint unites bones with a sheet of fibrous tissue?
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What characterizes the movement of rotation in anatomy?
What characterizes the movement of rotation in anatomy?
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What type of rotation swings the distal end of the radius medially?
What type of rotation swings the distal end of the radius medially?
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about fibrous joints?
Which of the following statements is NOT true about fibrous joints?
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Which joint is NOT capable of circumduction?
Which joint is NOT capable of circumduction?
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What is the effect of depression in anatomical terms?
What is the effect of depression in anatomical terms?
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Which of the following statements about anatomical terminology is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about anatomical terminology is FALSE?
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Which movement would not be considered a part of circumduction?
Which movement would not be considered a part of circumduction?
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Which of the following describes lateral rotation?
Which of the following describes lateral rotation?
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What does the term 'supination' refer to?
What does the term 'supination' refer to?
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If the elbow is considered the point of origin, which structure is distal to it?
If the elbow is considered the point of origin, which structure is distal to it?
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Which statement correctly applies the term 'posterior'?
Which statement correctly applies the term 'posterior'?
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In anatomical terms, if 'anterior' refers to being nearer to the front, which body part is likely anterior to the ankle?
In anatomical terms, if 'anterior' refers to being nearer to the front, which body part is likely anterior to the ankle?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes an inferior relationship?
Which of the following statements correctly describes an inferior relationship?
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When considering terms independent of anatomical position, which option is valid?
When considering terms independent of anatomical position, which option is valid?
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If the stomach is described as being inferior to another organ, which organ could it be?
If the stomach is described as being inferior to another organ, which organ could it be?
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Identifying the term used to describe the position nearer to the back in anatomical terms is:
Identifying the term used to describe the position nearer to the back in anatomical terms is:
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Which of the following structures is likely to be considered distally located?
Which of the following structures is likely to be considered distally located?
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Which of the following correctly describes the anterior position relative to another structure?
Which of the following correctly describes the anterior position relative to another structure?
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In anatomical terminology, which of the following describes the position of the heel relative to the toes?
In anatomical terminology, which of the following describes the position of the heel relative to the toes?
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What movement is defined as increasing the angle between bones or parts of the body?
What movement is defined as increasing the angle between bones or parts of the body?
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Which of the following describes the action of the radius during pronation?
Which of the following describes the action of the radius during pronation?
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In which anatomical position would the forearm be during supination?
In which anatomical position would the forearm be during supination?
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What is dorsiflexion specifically describing?
What is dorsiflexion specifically describing?
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How does flexion of the knee differ from flexion in other joints?
How does flexion of the knee differ from flexion in other joints?
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What happens to the palm of the hand when the elbow is flexed and the forearm is supinated?
What happens to the palm of the hand when the elbow is flexed and the forearm is supinated?
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Which direction does plantarflexion move the foot?
Which direction does plantarflexion move the foot?
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Which motion occurs when the radius uncrosses from the ulna?
Which motion occurs when the radius uncrosses from the ulna?
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What happens to the palm when the forearm is in the pronated position?
What happens to the palm when the forearm is in the pronated position?
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Which action is likely to spill soup held in the palm of a hand?
Which action is likely to spill soup held in the palm of a hand?
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Study Notes
Terms of Movement
- Terms can relate to the body's surface or central core, leading to pairs of opposing movements.
- Superficial: Closer to the surface; e.g., arm muscles are superficial to the humerus.
- Intermediate: Positioned between superficial and deep structures; e.g., biceps muscle is intermediate to skin and humerus.
- Deep: Farther from the surface; e.g., the humerus is deep to arm muscles.
- Distal: Further from the trunk or point of origin; e.g., the wrist is distal to the elbow.
- Inferior (caudal): Closer to the feet; e.g., stomach is inferior to the heart.
- Superior (cranial): Closer to the head; e.g., heart is superior to the stomach.
- Anterior (ventral): Closer to the front; e.g., toes are anterior to the ankle.
- Posterior (dorsal): Closer to the back; e.g., heel is posterior to the toes.
- Palmar: Refers to the anterior hand (palm).
- Dorsal: Refers to the posterior hand (back); also applies to superior foot surface.
- Plantar: Refers to the inferior foot surface (sole).
Types of Movements
- Flexion and Extension: Primarily occur in sagittal planes around a transverse axis; flexion decreases the angle between body parts, while extension increases it.
- Pronation: Medial rotation of the radius causing palm to face posteriorly; can involve placing palms flat on a table.
- Supination: Lateral rotation of the radius returning the palm to face superiorly; like holding soup in a cupped hand.
- Dorsiflexion: Flexion at the ankle, lifting the foot and toes; occurs when walking uphill.
- Plantarflexion: Bending foot downward, as when standing on toes.
- Circumduction: Circular movement combining flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction, with the distal end of a limb moving in a circular path; occurs at joints like shoulder and hip.
- Rotation: Movement around the longitudinal axis; medial rotation brings the anterior surface closer to the median plane, while lateral rotation moves it away.
Anatomical Terminology
- Standardized terms provide a universal language for anatomical references, utilized globally in medical contexts.
- Colloquial terminology allows communication with the general public.
- Eponyms: Often used in clinical settings to reference certain structures or procedures.
Joints
- Joints are the unions between bones or rigid parts of the skeleton, exhibiting varied forms and functions.
- Fibrous joints: Unions formed by fibrous tissue; examples include cranial sutures where bones interlock or overlap.
- The degree of movement at fibrous joints is typically influenced by the length of fibers connecting the articulating bones.
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Description
This quiz covers essential terms of movement as they relate to the body's anatomy, focusing on directional terms and anatomical positions. Understand the differences between superficial and deep, superior and inferior, and palmar versus dorsal movement definitions.
